diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 9aef88b0..f9c5cecf 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
         "ext-grpc": "*",
         "ext-mbstring": "*",
         "ext-opentelemetry": "*",
+        "ext-rdkafka": "*",
         "ext-pdo": "*",
         "ext-pdo_sqlite": "*",
         "ext-xdebug": "*",
diff --git a/docs/src/instrumentation/traces.md b/docs/src/instrumentation/traces.md
index 3ae435b9..5949998f 100644
--- a/docs/src/instrumentation/traces.md
+++ b/docs/src/instrumentation/traces.md
@@ -42,13 +42,14 @@ A DSN starts with a transport and an exporter separated by a `+` character. The
 
 Here is table list of the available transport and exporter for traces:
 
-| Transport | Exporter  | Description                                                  | Example                                   | Default      |
-|-----------|-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------|--------------|
-| http(s)   | otlp      | OpenTelemetry exporter using HTTP protocol (over TLS)        | http+otlp://localhost:4318/v1/traces      | N/A          |
-| grpc(s)   | otlp      | OpenTelemetry exporter using gRPC protocol (over TLS)        | grpc+otlp://localhost:4317                | N/A          |
-| http(s)   | zipkin    | Zipkin exporter using HTTP protocol (over TLS)               | http+zipkin://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans | N/A          |
-| empty     | in-memory | In-memory exporter for testing purpose                       | in-memory://default                       | N/A          |
-| stream    | console   | Console exporter for testing purpose using a stream resource | stream+console://default                  | php://stdout |
+| Transport | Exporter  | Description                                                                                                               | Example                                                                        | Default      |
+|-----------|-----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
+| http(s)   | otlp      | OpenTelemetry exporter using HTTP protocol (over TLS)                                                                     | http+otlp://localhost:4318/v1/traces                                           | N/A          |
+| grpc(s)   | otlp      | OpenTelemetry exporter using gRPC protocol (over TLS)                                                                     | grpc+otlp://localhost:4317                                                     | N/A          |
+| kafka     | otlp      | OpenTelemetry exporter using the Kafka message broker. Add query parameters for configuring the message broker.           | kafka+otlp://open_telemetry_local_alpha_traces?metadata.broker.list=kafka:9092 | N/A          |
+| http(s)   | zipkin    | Zipkin exporter using HTTP protocol (over TLS)                                                                            | http+zipkin://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans                                      | N/A          |
+| empty     | in-memory | In-memory exporter for testing purpose                                                                                    | in-memory://default                                                            | N/A          |
+| stream    | console   | Console exporter for testing purpose using a stream resource                                                              | stream+console://default                                                       | php://stdout |
 
 Note: The `stream+console` DSN is the only DSN than can refer to a stream resource using the `path` block. For example: `stream+console://default/file.log`.
 
diff --git a/src/Instrumentation/Symfony/HttpKernel/TraceableHttpKernelEventSubscriber.php b/src/Instrumentation/Symfony/HttpKernel/TraceableHttpKernelEventSubscriber.php
index 4108f0e2..9e008104 100644
--- a/src/Instrumentation/Symfony/HttpKernel/TraceableHttpKernelEventSubscriber.php
+++ b/src/Instrumentation/Symfony/HttpKernel/TraceableHttpKernelEventSubscriber.php
@@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ private function requestAttributes(Request $request): iterable
     /**
      * @param array<string> $headers
      *
-     * @return array<string, mixed>
+     * @return \Generator<string, array<int, string>>
      */
-    private function headerAttributes(HeaderBag $headerBag, array $headers): iterable
+    private function headerAttributes(HeaderBag $headerBag, array $headers): \Generator
     {
         foreach ($headers as $header => $attribute) {
             if ($headerBag->has($header)) {
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ConsoleExporterEndpoint.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ConsoleExporterEndpoint.php
index 66f48589..86428a57 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ConsoleExporterEndpoint.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ConsoleExporterEndpoint.php
@@ -30,4 +30,9 @@ public function getExporter(): string
     {
         return $this->dsn->getExporter();
     }
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn
+    {
+        return $this->dsn;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterDsn.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterDsn.php
index 412c426c..fd8ec790 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterDsn.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterDsn.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Zenstruck\Dsn;
 use Zenstruck\Uri;
+use Zenstruck\Uri\Part\Query;
 
 final class ExporterDsn
 {
@@ -60,6 +61,11 @@ public function getPort(?int $default = null): ?int
         return $this->uri->port() ?? $default;
     }
 
+    public function getQuery(): Query
+    {
+        return $this->uri->query();
+    }
+
     /**
      * @return string[]
      */
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterEndpointInterface.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterEndpointInterface.php
index 199433b0..8dc129d4 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterEndpointInterface.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/ExporterEndpointInterface.php
@@ -9,4 +9,6 @@ public function getExporter(): string;
     public function getTransport(): ?string;
 
     public static function fromDsn(ExporterDsn $dsn): self;
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn;
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/OtlpExporterEndpoint.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/OtlpExporterEndpoint.php
index 73eb8daa..3d30b051 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/OtlpExporterEndpoint.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Exporter/OtlpExporterEndpoint.php
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ public function withSignal(string $signal): self
 
     public function __toString()
     {
+        if (TransportEnum::Kafka === $this->transport) {
+            return \sprintf('kafka://%s?%s', $this->dsn->getHost(), $this->dsn->getQuery()->toString());
+        }
+
         $uri = $this->uriFactory->createUri();
         $uri = $uri
             ->withScheme($this->transport->getScheme())
@@ -78,4 +82,9 @@ public function getExporter(): string
     {
         return 'otlp';
     }
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn
+    {
+        return $this->dsn;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Log/LogExporterEndpoint.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Log/LogExporterEndpoint.php
index 628c2acc..a484f3cf 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Log/LogExporterEndpoint.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Log/LogExporterEndpoint.php
@@ -50,4 +50,9 @@ public function getExporter(): string
     {
         return $this->exporter->value;
     }
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn
+    {
+        return $this->dsn;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Metric/MetricExporterEndpoint.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Metric/MetricExporterEndpoint.php
index c154874b..fae0483f 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Metric/MetricExporterEndpoint.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Metric/MetricExporterEndpoint.php
@@ -48,4 +48,9 @@ public function getExporter(): string
     {
         return $this->exporter->value;
     }
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn
+    {
+        return $this->dsn;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/TraceExporterEndpoint.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/TraceExporterEndpoint.php
index 51591d85..70383aaf 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/TraceExporterEndpoint.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/TraceExporterEndpoint.php
@@ -52,4 +52,9 @@ public function getTransport(): ?string
     {
         return $this->transport?->value;
     }
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn
+    {
+        return $this->dsn;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/ZipkinExporterEndpoint.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/ZipkinExporterEndpoint.php
index 8b66ddbf..81fe99b0 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/ZipkinExporterEndpoint.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Trace/ZipkinExporterEndpoint.php
@@ -53,4 +53,9 @@ public function getExporter(): string
     {
         return 'zipkin';
     }
+
+    public function getDsn(): ExporterDsn
+    {
+        return $this->dsn;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransport.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransport.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c11a88fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransport.php
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport;
+
+use OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Export\TransportInterface;
+use OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Future\CancellationInterface;
+use OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Future\CompletedFuture;
+use OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Future\ErrorFuture;
+use OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Future\FutureInterface;
+use RdKafka\Conf;
+use RdKafka\Producer;
+use RdKafka\ProducerTopic;
+
+/**
+ * @template-implements TransportInterface<"application/x-protobuf">
+ */
+final readonly class KafkaTransport implements TransportInterface
+{
+    private const FLUSH_TIMEOUT = 10000;
+
+    private Producer $producer;
+    private ProducerTopic $topicHandle;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        Conf $configuration,
+        string $topic,
+    ) {
+        if (!\class_exists(Conf::class)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException('The PHP extension "rdkafka" is required to use the Kafka transport.');
+        }
+
+        $this->producer = new Producer($configuration);
+        $this->topicHandle = $this->producer->newTopic($topic);
+    }
+
+    public function contentType(): string
+    {
+        return 'application/x-protobuf';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @phpstan-return FutureInterface<null>
+     */
+    public function send(string $payload, ?CancellationInterface $cancellation = null): FutureInterface
+    {
+        try {
+            $this->topicHandle->producev(\RD_KAFKA_PARTITION_UA, 0, $payload);
+        } catch (\Throwable $exception) {
+            return new ErrorFuture($exception);
+        }
+
+        return new CompletedFuture(null);
+    }
+
+    public function shutdown(?CancellationInterface $cancellation = null): bool
+    {
+        return $this->flushInternal();
+    }
+
+    public function forceFlush(?CancellationInterface $cancellation = null): bool
+    {
+        return $this->flushInternal();
+    }
+
+    private function flushInternal(): bool
+    {
+        // librdkafka recommends retrying the flush operation a couple of times when it returns a null result.
+        $timeout = self::FLUSH_TIMEOUT;
+        $start = \microtime(true);
+        do {
+            $res = $this->producer->flush($timeout);
+            if (\RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR === $res) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // reduce timeout
+            $elapsedMs = (int) \round((\microtime(true) - $start) * 1000);
+            $timeout = \max(0, self::FLUSH_TIMEOUT - $elapsedMs);
+        } while ($timeout > 0);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportFactory.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportFactory.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8fba052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportFactory.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport;
+
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\ExporterEndpointInterface;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\ExporterOptionsInterface;
+use OpenTelemetry\SDK\Common\Export\TransportInterface;
+use RdKafka\Conf;
+
+final readonly class KafkaTransportFactory implements TransportFactoryInterface
+{
+    public function supports(#[\SensitiveParameter] ExporterEndpointInterface $endpoint, ExporterOptionsInterface $options): bool
+    {
+        return TransportEnum::Kafka === TransportEnum::tryFrom($endpoint->getTransport());
+    }
+
+    public function createTransport(#[\SensitiveParameter] ExporterEndpointInterface $endpoint, ExporterOptionsInterface $options): TransportInterface
+    {
+        $dsn = $endpoint->getDsn();
+        $queryParameters = $dsn->getQuery()->all();
+        $conf = new Conf();
+        foreach ($queryParameters as $k => $v) {
+            $conf->set(\str_replace('_', '.', $k), (string) $v);
+        }
+
+        return new KafkaTransport($conf, $dsn->getHost());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/TransportEnum.php b/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/TransportEnum.php
index 2389cb08..30f1ed88 100644
--- a/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/TransportEnum.php
+++ b/src/OpenTelemetry/Transport/TransportEnum.php
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@ enum TransportEnum: string
     case Http = 'http';
     case Https = 'https';
     case Stream = 'stream';
+    case Kafka = 'kafka';
 
     public function getScheme(): ?string
     {
         return match ($this) {
             self::Http, self::Grpc => 'http',
             self::Https, self::Grpcs => 'https',
+            self::Kafka => 'kafka',
             default => null,
         };
     }
diff --git a/src/Resources/config/services_transports.php b/src/Resources/config/services_transports.php
index da38d171..ca4c53f5 100644
--- a/src/Resources/config/services_transports.php
+++ b/src/Resources/config/services_transports.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\AbstractTransportFactory;
 use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\GrpcTransportFactory;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\KafkaTransportFactory;
 use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\OtlpHttpTransportFactory;
 use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\PsrHttpTransportFactory;
 use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\StreamTransportFactory;
@@ -39,6 +40,9 @@
             ->parent('open_telemetry.transport_factory.abstract')
             ->tag('open_telemetry.transport_factory')
 
+        ->set('open_telemetry.transport_factory.kafka', KafkaTransportFactory::class)
+        ->tag('open_telemetry.transport_factory')
+
         ->set('open_telemetry.transport_factory', TransportFactory::class)
             ->args([
                 tagged_iterator('open_telemetry.transport_factory'),
diff --git a/tests/Unit/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportFactoryTest.php b/tests/Unit/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportFactoryTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55f2e3df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportFactoryTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\Tests\Unit\OpenTelemetry\Transport;
+
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\EmptyExporterOptions;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\ExporterDsn;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\ExporterEndpointInterface;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\ExporterOptionsInterface;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Exporter\OtlpExporterOptions;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Log\LogExporterEndpoint;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Metric\MetricExporterEndpoint;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Metric\MetricExporterOptions;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Trace\TraceExporterEndpoint;
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\KafkaTransportFactory;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+#[CoversClass(KafkaTransportFactory::class)]
+final class KafkaTransportFactoryTest extends TestCase
+{
+    #[DataProvider('exporterProvider')]
+    public function testCreateTransportFromExporter(
+        ExporterEndpointInterface $endpoint,
+        ExporterOptionsInterface $options,
+        bool $shouldSupport,
+    ): void {
+        $factory = new KafkaTransportFactory();
+
+        self::assertSame($shouldSupport, $factory->supports($endpoint, $options));
+
+        if ($shouldSupport) {
+            $transport = $factory->createTransport($endpoint, $options);
+            self::assertSame('application/x-protobuf', $transport->contentType());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return \Generator<array{
+     *     0: ExporterEndpointInterface,
+     *     1: ExporterOptionsInterface,
+     *     2: bool
+     * }>
+     */
+    public static function exporterProvider(): \Generator
+    {
+        // Kafka for traces
+        yield [
+            TraceExporterEndpoint::fromDsn(ExporterDsn::fromString('kafka+otlp://otel-traces?metadata_broker_list=localhost:9092')),
+            new OtlpExporterOptions(),
+            true,
+        ];
+
+        // Kafka for metrics
+        yield [
+            MetricExporterEndpoint::fromDsn(ExporterDsn::fromString('kafka+otlp://otel-metrics?metadata_broker_list=localhost:9092')),
+            new MetricExporterOptions(),
+            true,
+        ];
+
+        // Kafka for logs
+        yield [
+            LogExporterEndpoint::fromDsn(ExporterDsn::fromString('kafka+otlp://otel-logs?metadata_broker_list=localhost:9092')),
+            new OtlpExporterOptions(),
+            true,
+        ];
+
+        // Not Kafka transports should not be supported
+        yield [
+            TraceExporterEndpoint::fromDsn(ExporterDsn::fromString('grpc+otlp://localhost')),
+            new OtlpExporterOptions(),
+            false,
+        ];
+
+        yield [
+            TraceExporterEndpoint::fromDsn(ExporterDsn::fromString('http+otlp://localhost')),
+            new OtlpExporterOptions(),
+            false,
+        ];
+
+        yield [
+            TraceExporterEndpoint::fromDsn(ExporterDsn::fromString('stream+console://default')),
+            new EmptyExporterOptions(),
+            false,
+        ];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Unit/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportTest.php b/tests/Unit/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea9cf4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Unit/OpenTelemetry/Transport/KafkaTransportTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\Tests\Unit\OpenTelemetry\Transport;
+
+use FriendsOfOpenTelemetry\OpenTelemetryBundle\OpenTelemetry\Transport\KafkaTransport;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use RdKafka\Conf;
+
+#[CoversClass(KafkaTransport::class)]
+final class KafkaTransportTest extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        if (!\class_exists(Conf::class)) {
+            self::markTestSkipped('rdkafka extension not available in the test environment.');
+        }
+    }
+
+    public function testContentTypeIsProtobuf(): void
+    {
+        $conf = new Conf();
+        $t = new KafkaTransport($conf, 'test-topic');
+        self::assertSame('application/x-protobuf', $t->contentType());
+    }
+
+    public function testSendReturnsCompletedFutureOnSuccess(): void
+    {
+        $conf = new Conf();
+        $transport = new KafkaTransport($conf, 'test-topic');
+
+        // We cannot easily mock RdKafka internals without the extension. Basic smoke test for method existence.
+        $future = $transport->send('payload');
+        /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+        self::assertTrue(\method_exists($future, 'await')); // interface method presence
+    }
+}