diff --git a/providers/aws/recommendations/client.go b/providers/aws/recommendations/client.go
index c78c449a..78b6c42c 100644
--- a/providers/aws/recommendations/client.go
+++ b/providers/aws/recommendations/client.go
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ type CostExplorerAPI interface {
 type Client struct {
 	costExplorerClient CostExplorerAPI
 	region             string
-	rateLimiter        *RateLimiter
+	// newRateLimiter is called once per API call (not shared across goroutines).
+	// Tests can replace it with a factory returning a faster limiter.
+	newRateLimiter func() *RateLimiter
 }
 
 // NewClient creates a new recommendations client
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ func NewClient(cfg aws.Config) *Client {
 	return &Client{
 		costExplorerClient: costexplorer.NewFromConfig(ceConfig),
 		region:             cfg.Region,
-		rateLimiter:        NewRateLimiter(),
+		newRateLimiter:     NewRateLimiter,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ func NewClientWithAPI(api CostExplorerAPI, region string) *Client {
 	return &Client{
 		costExplorerClient: api,
 		region:             region,
-		rateLimiter:        NewRateLimiter(),
+		newRateLimiter:     NewRateLimiter,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -133,12 +135,12 @@ func (c *Client) fetchRIPageWithRetry(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	input *costexplorer.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendationInput,
 ) (*costexplorer.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendationOutput, error) {
-	c.rateLimiter.Reset()
+	rl := c.newRateLimiter()
 	var result *costexplorer.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendationOutput
 	var err error
 
 	for {
-		if waitErr := c.rateLimiter.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
+		if waitErr := rl.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rate limiter wait failed: %w", waitErr)
 		}
 
@@ -147,13 +149,13 @@ func (c *Client) fetchRIPageWithRetry(
 		}
 		result, err = c.costExplorerClient.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendation(ctx, input)
 		concurrency.Release(ctx)
-		if !c.rateLimiter.ShouldRetry(err) {
+		if !rl.ShouldRetry(err) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get RI recommendations after %d retries: %w", c.rateLimiter.GetRetryCount(), err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get RI recommendations after %d retries: %w", rl.GetRetryCount(), err)
 	}
 
 	return result, nil
diff --git a/providers/aws/recommendations/client_test.go b/providers/aws/recommendations/client_test.go
index cc700c7a..0e0c976c 100644
--- a/providers/aws/recommendations/client_test.go
+++ b/providers/aws/recommendations/client_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package recommendations
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 
 // Mock CostExplorerAPI for testing
 type mockCostExplorerAPI struct {
+	mu                sync.Mutex
 	riRecommendations *costexplorer.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendationOutput
 	spRecommendations *costexplorer.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendationOutput
 	riError           error
@@ -28,20 +30,28 @@ type mockCostExplorerAPI struct {
 }
 
 func (m *mockCostExplorerAPI) GetReservationPurchaseRecommendation(ctx context.Context, params *costexplorer.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendationInput, optFns ...func(*costexplorer.Options)) (*costexplorer.GetReservationPurchaseRecommendationOutput, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
 	m.callCount++
 	m.riCalls = append(m.riCalls, params)
-	if m.riError != nil {
-		return nil, m.riError
+	riErr := m.riError
+	riRecs := m.riRecommendations
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	if riErr != nil {
+		return nil, riErr
 	}
-	return m.riRecommendations, nil
+	return riRecs, nil
 }
 
 func (m *mockCostExplorerAPI) GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendation(ctx context.Context, params *costexplorer.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendationInput, optFns ...func(*costexplorer.Options)) (*costexplorer.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendationOutput, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
 	m.callCount++
-	if m.spError != nil {
-		return nil, m.spError
+	spErr := m.spError
+	spRecs := m.spRecommendations
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	if spErr != nil {
+		return nil, spErr
 	}
-	return m.spRecommendations, nil
+	return spRecs, nil
 }
 
 func (m *mockCostExplorerAPI) GetReservationUtilization(ctx context.Context, params *costexplorer.GetReservationUtilizationInput, optFns ...func(*costexplorer.Options)) (*costexplorer.GetReservationUtilizationOutput, error) {
@@ -61,7 +71,7 @@ func TestNewClient(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.NotNil(t, client)
 	assert.NotNil(t, client.costExplorerClient)
-	assert.NotNil(t, client.rateLimiter)
+	assert.NotNil(t, client.newRateLimiter)
 	assert.Equal(t, "us-west-2", client.region)
 }
 
@@ -74,7 +84,7 @@ func TestNewClientWithAPI(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, client)
 	assert.Equal(t, mockAPI, client.costExplorerClient)
 	assert.Equal(t, region, client.region)
-	assert.NotNil(t, client.rateLimiter)
+	assert.NotNil(t, client.newRateLimiter)
 }
 
 func TestGetRecommendations_EC2_Success(t *testing.T) {
@@ -262,9 +272,11 @@ func TestGetRecommendations_Error(t *testing.T) {
 		riError: newThrottleError(),
 	}
 
-	// Use custom rate limiter to speed up test
+	// Use custom rate limiter factory to speed up test
 	client := NewClientWithAPI(mockAPI, "us-east-1")
-	client.rateLimiter = NewRateLimiterWithOptions(1*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond, 2)
+	client.newRateLimiter = func() *RateLimiter {
+		return NewRateLimiterWithOptions(1*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond, 2)
+	}
 
 	params := common.RecommendationParams{
 		Service:        common.ServiceEC2,
@@ -506,7 +518,9 @@ func TestGetRecommendations_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	client := NewClientWithAPI(mockAPI, "us-east-1")
-	client.rateLimiter = NewRateLimiterWithOptions(100*time.Millisecond, 1*time.Second, 5)
+	client.newRateLimiter = func() *RateLimiter {
+		return NewRateLimiterWithOptions(100*time.Millisecond, 1*time.Second, 5)
+	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	cancel() // Cancel immediately
diff --git a/providers/aws/recommendations/coverage.go b/providers/aws/recommendations/coverage.go
index 415a7101..2796d072 100644
--- a/providers/aws/recommendations/coverage.go
+++ b/providers/aws/recommendations/coverage.go
@@ -318,13 +318,13 @@ func serviceRegionFilter(service, region string) *types.Expression {
 // Mirrors fetchUtilizationPage so the two paths fail and back off the
 // same way.
 func (c *Client) fetchCoveragePage(ctx context.Context, input *costexplorer.GetReservationCoverageInput) (*costexplorer.GetReservationCoverageOutput, error) {
-	c.rateLimiter.Reset()
+	rl := c.newRateLimiter()
 	for {
-		if waitErr := c.rateLimiter.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
+		if waitErr := rl.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rate limiter wait failed: %w", waitErr)
 		}
 		result, err := c.costExplorerClient.GetReservationCoverage(ctx, input)
-		if !c.rateLimiter.ShouldRetry(err) {
+		if !rl.ShouldRetry(err) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get reservation coverage: %w", err)
 			}
diff --git a/providers/aws/recommendations/parser_sp.go b/providers/aws/recommendations/parser_sp.go
index 6eebc471..b662a925 100644
--- a/providers/aws/recommendations/parser_sp.go
+++ b/providers/aws/recommendations/parser_sp.go
@@ -120,12 +120,12 @@ func (c *Client) fetchSPPageWithRetry(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	input *costexplorer.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendationInput,
 ) (*costexplorer.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendationOutput, error) {
-	c.rateLimiter.Reset()
+	rl := c.newRateLimiter()
 	var result *costexplorer.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendationOutput
 	var err error
 
 	for {
-		if waitErr := c.rateLimiter.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
+		if waitErr := rl.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rate limiter wait failed: %w", waitErr)
 		}
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func (c *Client) fetchSPPageWithRetry(
 		}
 		result, err = c.costExplorerClient.GetSavingsPlansPurchaseRecommendation(ctx, input)
 		concurrency.Release(ctx)
-		if !c.rateLimiter.ShouldRetry(err) {
+		if !rl.ShouldRetry(err) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/providers/aws/recommendations/utilization.go b/providers/aws/recommendations/utilization.go
index b5be494e..f0998765 100644
--- a/providers/aws/recommendations/utilization.go
+++ b/providers/aws/recommendations/utilization.go
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ func (c *Client) GetRIUtilization(ctx context.Context, lookbackDays int) ([]RIUt
 
 // fetchUtilizationPage calls the Cost Explorer API with rate-limit retry.
 func (c *Client) fetchUtilizationPage(ctx context.Context, input *costexplorer.GetReservationUtilizationInput) (*costexplorer.GetReservationUtilizationOutput, error) {
-	c.rateLimiter.Reset()
+	rl := c.newRateLimiter()
 	for {
-		if waitErr := c.rateLimiter.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
+		if waitErr := rl.Wait(ctx); waitErr != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("rate limiter wait failed: %w", waitErr)
 		}
 
 		result, err := c.costExplorerClient.GetReservationUtilization(ctx, input)
-		if !c.rateLimiter.ShouldRetry(err) {
+		if !rl.ShouldRetry(err) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get reservation utilization: %w", err)
 			}