diff --git a/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml b/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml
index 333cc4d922..cb16fa1b53 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/datatypes.yaml
@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ phenotype:
     Participant level measurement data
     (for example, responses from multiple questionnaires)
     split into individual files separate from `participants.tsv`.
+prov:
+  value: prov
+  display_name: Provenance
+  description: |
+    Provenance records describing how files in the dataset were generated.
 nirs:
   value: nirs
   display_name: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
diff --git a/src/schema/objects/entities.yaml b/src/schema/objects/entities.yaml
index 885d54e91b..89c3e0b0db 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/entities.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/entities.yaml
@@ -229,6 +229,14 @@ processing:
     exploited.
   type: string
   format: label
+prov:
+  name: prov
+  display_name: Provenance group
+  description: |
+    A grouping of provenance records.
+    Defining multiple provenance records groups is appropriate when several processings have been performed on data.
+  type: string
+  format: label
 reconstruction:
   name: rec
   display_name: Reconstruction
diff --git a/src/schema/objects/files.yaml b/src/schema/objects/files.yaml
index b16a8c9c1d..3b7553ffa0 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/files.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/files.yaml
@@ -102,6 +102,13 @@ code:
     (for example the one used to generate the derivatives from the raw data).
     See the [Code section](SPEC_ROOT/modality-agnostic-files/code.md)
     for more information.
+prov:
+  display_name: Provenance Records
+  file_type: directory
+  description: |
+    A directory in which to store provenance metadata.
+    See the [Provenance section](SPEC_ROOT/modality-agnostic-files.md#provenance)
+    for more information.
 derivatives:
   display_name: Derivative data
   file_type: directory
diff --git a/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml b/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
index 8af01e23a4..bfe5cbe1bd 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/metadata.yaml
@@ -49,6 +49,70 @@ AcquisitionVoxelSize:
     type: number
     exclusiveMinimum: 0
     unit: mm
+Activities:
+  name: Activities
+  display_name: Activities
+  description: |
+    Describe Activities provenance records.
+  type: array
+  minItems: 1
+  items:
+    type: object
+    required: [Id, Label, Command]
+    properties:
+      Id:
+        name: Id
+        description: Identifier for the activity.
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+      Label:
+        name: Label
+        description: Name of the tool, script, or function used (e.g. “bet”, "recon-all", "myFunc", "docker").
+        type: string
+        format: label
+      Command:
+        name: Command
+        description: Command(s) used to run the tool, including all parameters.
+        type: string
+      AssociatedWith:
+        name: AssociatedWith
+        description: |
+          Identifier(s) of the software package(s) used to compute this activity.
+          The corresponding Software must be defined with its own Software record).
+        anyOf:
+          - type: string
+            format: uri
+          - type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+              format: uri
+      Used:
+        name: Used
+        description: |
+          Identifier(s) of entity(ies) or environment(s) used by this activity.
+          The corresponding Entities (resp. Environments) must be defined with their own Entity (resp. Environment) record.
+        anyOf:
+          - type: string
+            format: uri
+          - type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+              format: uri
+      Type:
+        name: Type
+        description: A term from a controlled vocabulary that more specifically describes the Activity.
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+      StartedAtTime:
+        name: StartedAtTime
+        description: A timestamp tracking when this activity started.
+        type: string
+        format: date
+      EndedAtTime:
+        name: EndedAtTime
+        description: A timestamp tracking when this activity ended.
+        type: string
+        format: date
 Anaesthesia:
   name: Anaesthesia
   display_name: Anaesthesia
@@ -1084,6 +1148,87 @@ EncodingTechnique:
     For example, `"Cartesian"`, `"EPSI"`, `"Spiral"`,
     or `"Density-weighted concentric ring trajectory"`.
   type: string
+Entities:
+  name: Entities
+  display_name: Entities
+  description: |
+    Describe Entities provenance records.
+  type: array
+  minItems: 1
+  items:
+    type: object
+    required: [Id, Label]
+    recommended: [Digest]
+    properties:
+      Id:
+        name: Id
+        description: Identifier for the entity.
+        type: string
+        format: bids_uri
+      Label:
+        name: Label
+        description: A name for the entity.
+        type: string
+        format: label
+      Digest:
+        name: Digest
+        description: |
+          For files, this would include checksums of files.
+          It would take the form {"": "value"}.
+        type: object
+      AtLocation:
+        name: AtLocation
+        description: |
+          For input files, this is the relative path to the file on disk.
+        type: string
+      GeneratedBy:
+        name: GeneratedBy
+        description: |
+          Identifier(s) of the Activity(ies) which generated this Entity.
+          The corresponding Activity must be defined with its own Activity record.
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+      Type:
+        name: Type
+        description: A term from a controlled vocabulary that more specifically describes the Entity.
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+Environments:
+  name: Environments
+  display_name: Environments
+  description: |
+    Describe Environments provenance records.
+  type: array
+  minItems: 1
+  items:
+    type: object
+    required: [Id, Label]
+    properties:
+      Id:
+        name: Id
+        description: |
+          Identifier for the environment (this identifier will be used to associated activities with this environment).
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+      Label:
+        name: Label
+        description: A name for the environment.
+        type: string
+        format: label
+      EnvVars:
+        name: EnvVars
+        description: |
+          A dictionary defining the environment variables as key-value pairs.
+        type: object
+      OperatingSystem:
+        name: OperatingSystem
+        description: Name of the operating system.
+        type: string
+      Dependencies:
+        name: Dependencies
+        description: |
+          A dictionary defining the software used and their versions as key-value pairs.
+        type: object
 EpochLength:
   name: EpochLength
   display_name: Epoch Length
@@ -1281,6 +1426,32 @@ GeneratedBy:
           URI:
             type: string
             format: uri
+GeneratedById:
+  name: GeneratedBy
+  display_name: Generated By
+  description: |
+    Specify the provenance of a file in the dataset, referencing the Id
+    of the Activity (or Activities) responsible for its creation.
+  anyOf:
+    - type: string
+      format: uri
+    - type: array
+      items:
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+GeneratedByProv:
+  name: GeneratedByProv
+  display_name: Generated By Prov
+  description: |
+    Specify the provenance of the dataset, referencing the Id
+    of the Activity (or Activities) responsible for its creation.
+  anyOf:
+    - type: string
+      format: uri
+    - type: array
+      items:
+        type: string
+        format: uri
 GeneticLevel:
   name: GeneticLevel
   display_name: Genetic Level
@@ -3292,6 +3463,19 @@ ShortChannelCount:
     The number of short channels. 0 indicates no short channels.
   type: integer
   minimum: 0
+SidecarGeneratedBy:
+  name: SidecarGeneratedBy
+  display_name: Sidecar Generated By
+  description: |
+    Specify the provenance of a sidecar JSON,
+    referencing the Id of the Activity (or Activities) responsible for its creation.
+  anyOf:
+    - type: string
+      format: uri
+    - type: array
+      items:
+        type: string
+        format: uri
 SinglesRate:
   name: SinglesRate
   display_name: Singles Rate
@@ -3360,6 +3544,46 @@ SliceTiming:
     type: number
     minimum: 0
     unit: s
+Software:
+  name: Software
+  display_name: Software
+  description: |
+    Describe Software provenance records.
+  type: array
+  minItems: 1
+  items:
+    type: object
+    required: [Id, Label, Version]
+    properties:
+      Id:
+        name: Id
+        description: |
+          that will be used to associate activities with this software package (e.g., urn:1264-1233-11231-12312, "urn:bet-o1ef4rt")
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+      Label:
+        name: Label
+        description: Name of the software package.
+        type: string
+        format: label
+      Version:
+        name: Version
+        description: Version of the software package.
+        type: string
+      AltIdentifier:
+        name: AltIdentifier
+        description: |
+          URI of the RRID for this software package (cf. https://rrid.site/).
+        type: string
+        format: uri
+      ActedOnBehalfOf:
+        name: ActedOnBehalfOf
+        description: |
+          Identifier of another software package that was responsible for using this software package in the context of the activities associated to it.
+          The corresponding software must be defined with its own Software record.
+          Example: if software A launches software B to perform activity C, then B ActedOnBehalfOf A.
+        type: string
+        format: uri
 SoftwareFilters:
   name: SoftwareFilters
   display_name: Software Filters
diff --git a/src/schema/objects/suffixes.yaml b/src/schema/objects/suffixes.yaml
index 1e2825ced2..5c8bdb5993 100644
--- a/src/schema/objects/suffixes.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/objects/suffixes.yaml
@@ -502,6 +502,18 @@ VFA:
     Depending on the provided metadata fields and the sequence type,
     data may be eligible for DESPOT1, DESPOT2 and their variants
     ([Deoni et al. 2005](https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.20314)).
+act:
+  value: act
+  display_name: Provenance Activity Records
+  description: |
+    Provenance Activity records for a group of provenance.
+    Activities represent the transformations that have been applied to the data.
+all:
+  value: all
+  display_name: Provenance Records
+  description: |
+    All types of provenance records (Activity, Entity, Environment, Software)
+    for a group of provenance.
 angio:
   value: angio
   display_name: Angiogram
@@ -612,6 +624,18 @@ electrodes:
   display_name: Electrodes
   description: |
     File that gives the location of (i)EEG electrodes.
+ent:
+  value: ent
+  display_name: Provenance Entity Records
+  description: |
+    Provenance Entity records for a group of provenance.
+    Entities are inputs and outputs of Activities.
+env:
+  value: env
+  display_name: Provenance Environment Records
+  description: |
+    Provenance Environment records for a group of provenance.
+    Environments specify the software environment in which the provenance record was obtained.
 epi:
   value: epi
   display_name: EPI
@@ -817,6 +841,12 @@ probseg:
     A probabilistic segmentation.
 
     This suffix may only be used in derivative datasets.
+soft:
+  value: soft
+  display_name: Provenance Software Records
+  description: |
+    Provenance Software records for a group of provenance.
+    The Software specifies the software package with which transformations were applied to the data.
 sbref:
   value: sbref
   display_name: Single-band reference image
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/checks/deprecations.yml b/src/schema/rules/checks/deprecations.yml
index d7a3c27372..d45be8356a 100644
--- a/src/schema/rules/checks/deprecations.yml
+++ b/src/schema/rules/checks/deprecations.yml
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+---
 AnatomicalLandmarkCoordinateSystemDeprecation:
   issue:
     code: ELEKTA_NEUROMAG_DEPRECATED
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/dataset_metadata.yaml b/src/schema/rules/dataset_metadata.yaml
index d4ecca7da1..1f062703f8 100644
--- a/src/schema/rules/dataset_metadata.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/rules/dataset_metadata.yaml
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ dataset_description:
     EthicsApprovals: optional
     ReferencesAndLinks: optional
     DatasetDOI: optional
-    GeneratedBy: recommended
+    GeneratedBy: deprecated
+    GeneratedByProv: recommended
     SourceDatasets: recommended
 
 dataset_authors:
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ derivative_description:
     - path == "/dataset_description.json"
     - json.DatasetType == "derivative"
   fields:
-    GeneratedBy: required
+    GeneratedByProv: recommended
+    GeneratedBy: deprecated
 
 dataset_description_with_genetics:
   selectors:
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/directories.yaml b/src/schema/rules/directories.yaml
index 3bfea7c26e..1faadfa765 100644
--- a/src/schema/rules/directories.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/rules/directories.yaml
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ raw:
       - derivatives
       - logs
       - phenotype
+      - prov
       - sourcedata
       - stimuli
       - subject
@@ -46,6 +47,10 @@ raw:
     name: phenotype
     level: optional
     opaque: false
+  prov:
+    name: prov
+    level: optional
+    opaque: false
   sourcedata:
     name: sourcedata
     level: optional
@@ -80,6 +85,7 @@ derivative:
       - derivatives
       - logs
       - phenotype
+      - prov
       - sourcedata
       - stimuli
       - subject
@@ -99,6 +105,10 @@ derivative:
     name: phenotype
     level: optional
     opaque: false
+  prov:
+    name: prov
+    level: optional
+    opaque: false
   sourcedata:
     name: sourcedata
     level: optional
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/entities.yaml b/src/schema/rules/entities.yaml
index 44174d333e..e1d118b754 100644
--- a/src/schema/rules/entities.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/rules/entities.yaml
@@ -32,3 +32,4 @@
 - density
 - label
 - description
+- prov
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/files/common/core.yaml b/src/schema/rules/files/common/core.yaml
index fe8535d0ce..d83b7cd580 100644
--- a/src/schema/rules/files/common/core.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/rules/files/common/core.yaml
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ code:
 derivatives:
   level: optional
   path: derivatives
+prov:
+  level: optional
+  path: prov
 docs:
   level: optional
   path: docs
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/files/common/modality_agnostic.yaml b/src/schema/rules/files/common/modality_agnostic.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f95295c57d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/schema/rules/files/common/modality_agnostic.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+# Files and directories that can be found at any level of a dataset.
+
+# Provenance json files
+provenance:
+  level: optional
+  datatypes:
+    - prov
+  suffixes:
+    - act
+    - ent
+    - env
+    - soft
+  extensions:
+    - .json
+  entities:
+    prov: required
diff --git a/src/schema/rules/files/common/tables.yaml b/src/schema/rules/files/common/tables.yaml
index 21f03f6579..7c818acc66 100644
--- a/src/schema/rules/files/common/tables.yaml
+++ b/src/schema/rules/files/common/tables.yaml
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ participants:
   extensions:
     - .tsv
     - .json
+
 samples:
   level: optional
   stem: samples
   extensions:
     - .tsv
     - .json
+
 scans:
   level: optional
   suffixes:
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@ scans:
   entities:
     subject: required
     session: optional # session is required if session is present in the dataset.
+
 sessions: # This file may only exist if session is present in the dataset.
   level: optional
   suffixes: