From 4a8c514c4644cd11d49e71cc2970f1db0ea11c11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chen-Yu Yang <chenyu@fastmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 21:31:32 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] fuse assign chain

---
 test/backend/test_schedule.py | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 tinygrad/schedule/rangeify.py | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/test/backend/test_schedule.py b/test/backend/test_schedule.py
index c1f419ed40bf6..25f96c62a8872 100644
--- a/test/backend/test_schedule.py
+++ b/test/backend/test_schedule.py
@@ -1036,12 +1036,38 @@ def test_no_extra_contiguous_on_setitem_assign_back(self):
     idx = Tensor([1,2,5,6], dtype=dtypes.int32)
     flat_base[idx] = Tensor([99,99,99,99])
     base.assign(flat_base.reshape(4, 4))
-    sched = check_schedule(base, 6)  # TODO: this is high
+    sched = check_schedule(base, 2)
     run_schedule(sched)
     expected = list(range(16))
     for i, v in zip([1,2,5,6], [99,99,99,99]): expected[i] = v
     np.testing.assert_equal(base.reshape(16).numpy(), expected)
 
+  def test_fuse_assign_chain_two(self):
+    t = Tensor([1, 2, 3, 4]).realize()
+    t += 1
+    t += 1
+    sched = check_schedule(t, 1)
+    run_schedule(sched)
+    np.testing.assert_equal(t.numpy(), [3, 4, 5, 6])
+
+  def test_fuse_assign_chain_three(self):
+    t = Tensor([1, 2, 3, 4]).realize()
+    t += 1
+    t += 1
+    t += 1
+    sched = check_schedule(t, 1)
+    run_schedule(sched)
+    np.testing.assert_equal(t.numpy(), [4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+  def test_no_fuse_assign_with_other_consumer(self):
+    t = Tensor([1, 2, 3, 4]).realize()
+    t += 1
+    u = t * 2  # intermediate is observed
+    t += 1
+    sched = check_schedule([t, u], 4)
+    run_schedule(sched)
+    np.testing.assert_equal(t.numpy(), [3, 4, 5, 6])
+
   def test_sparse_categorical_crossentropy_simple(self):
     X = Tensor([[0, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]).realize()
     Y = Tensor([1, 2]).realize()
diff --git a/tinygrad/schedule/rangeify.py b/tinygrad/schedule/rangeify.py
index fa1ee0249dd8d..327321aeb1c94 100644
--- a/tinygrad/schedule/rangeify.py
+++ b/tinygrad/schedule/rangeify.py
@@ -55,6 +55,18 @@ def fix_assign_hazard(assign:UOp, target:UOp, src:UOp):
     if any(s is target.base for s in h.toposort(gate=lambda s:s.op not in ALWAYS_CONTIGUOUS-{Ops.PARAM})):
       return assign.replace(src=(target, src.contiguous()))
 
+def _fuse_assign_chain(ctx:dict[UOp, int], assign:UOp, inner:UOp, root:UOp, inner_src:UOp, src:UOp):
+  """Fuse ASSIGN(ASSIGN(root, f), g(ASSIGN(root, f))) -> ASSIGN(root, g(f)) when inner ASSIGN has no other consumers."""
+  if inner.arg is not None: return None  # skip if inner has movement ops
+  if ctx.get(inner, 0) != 2: return None  # inner must only be referenced by this assign (target + source)
+  if inner not in src.toposort(): return None
+  return assign.replace(src=(root, src.substitute({inner: inner_src})))
+
+pm_fuse_assigns = PatternMatcher([
+  (UPat(Ops.ASSIGN, src=(UPat(Ops.ASSIGN, src=(UPat(name="root"), UPat(name="inner_src")), name="inner"), UPat(name="src")), name="assign"),
+   _fuse_assign_chain),
+])
+
 def normalize_assign_target_chain(assign:UOp, target:UOp, src:UOp):
   root_target = target
   while root_target.op is Ops.ASSIGN: root_target = root_target.src[0]
@@ -514,6 +526,16 @@ def split_store(x:UOp) -> UOp|None:
 
 def get_rangeify(sink:UOp) -> UOp:
   if VIZ: graph_rewrite(sink, PatternMatcher([]), name="View Input Graph")
+
+  # fuse chained assigns: ASSIGN(ASSIGN(buf, f), g(ASSIGN(buf, f))) -> ASSIGN(buf, g(f)) when intermediate has no other consumers
+  while True:
+    ref_counts: dict[UOp, int] = {}
+    for u in sink.toposort():
+      for s in u.src: ref_counts[s] = ref_counts.get(s, 0) + 1
+    new_sink = graph_rewrite(sink, pm_fuse_assigns, ctx=ref_counts, bottom_up=True, name="fuse chained assigns")
+    if new_sink is sink: break
+    sink = new_sink
+
   tsink = graph_rewrite(sink, pm_syntactic_sugar+pm_mops+earliest_rewrites, bottom_up=True, name="earliest rewrites")
 
   # convert movement ops to ranges