From a597301e87a9c54d018f123c6d99130cb340e2c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 21:49:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] add narwhals deps

---
 dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 pyproject.toml              |  1 +
 uv.lock                     |  3 +++
 3 files changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py

diff --git a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..390e855870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import narwhals
+from narwhals.typing import IntoDataFrame
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from dlt.common.libs.pyarrow import pyarrow
+
+
+def df_to_arrow(df: IntoDataFrame) -> pyarrow.Table:
+    """Converts any narwhals-compatible eager or lazy frame to a pyarrow table.
+    lazy frames are eagerly collected.
+    """
+    nw_df = narwhals.from_native(df, allow_series=False)
+    if isinstance(nw_df, narwhals.LazyFrame):
+        nw_df = nw_df.collect()
+
+    return nw_df.to_arrow()
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index b6920623ab..e394187b74 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "sqlglot>=25.4.0",
     "pywin32>=306 ; sys_platform == 'win32'",
     "rich-argparse>=1.6.0",
+    "narwhals>=1.41.0",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 7aba02c767..fcb729eb05 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -2458,6 +2458,8 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "giturlparse" },
     { name = "humanize" },
     { name = "jsonpath-ng" },
+    { name = "narwhals", version = "1.41.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+    { name = "narwhals", version = "2.17.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "orjson", version = "3.10.18", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "(python_full_version >= '3.10' and python_full_version < '3.14' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten') or (python_full_version >= '3.11' and python_full_version < '3.14' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten')" },
     { name = "orjson", version = "3.11.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' or (python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten') or (python_full_version < '3.11' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten')" },
     { name = "packaging" },
@@ -2839,6 +2841,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "lancedb", marker = "extra == 'lancedb'", specifier = ">=0.22.0" },
     { name = "marimo", marker = "extra == 'workspace'", specifier = ">=0.14.5" },
     { name = "mowidgets", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11' and extra == 'workspace'", specifier = ">=0.2.1" },
+    { name = "narwhals", specifier = ">=1.41.0" },
     { name = "oracledb", marker = "extra == 'oracle'", specifier = ">=3.4.1" },
     { name = "orjson", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'", specifier = ">=3.11.0" },
     { name = "orjson", marker = "platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'", specifier = ">=3.6.7,!=3.9.11,!=3.9.12,!=3.9.13,!=3.9.14,!=3.10.1,<4" },

From 1408db54893de888da15798b150428f2f8f75f9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 22:28:03 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] remove pandas and polars from
 dlt/extract/incremental/__init__

---
 dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py         | 11 +++++++++--
 dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py |  5 +++--
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
index 390e855870..ab470555ec 100644
--- a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
+++ b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import narwhals
 from narwhals.typing import IntoDataFrame
@@ -9,11 +9,18 @@
     from dlt.common.libs.pyarrow import pyarrow
 
 
+def is_dataframe(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    maybe_converted = narwhals.from_native(obj, allow_series=False, pass_through=True)
+    if isinstance(maybe_converted, (narwhals.DataFrame, narwhals.LazyFrame)):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 def df_to_arrow(df: IntoDataFrame) -> pyarrow.Table:
     """Converts any narwhals-compatible eager or lazy frame to a pyarrow table.
     lazy frames are eagerly collected.
     """
-    nw_df = narwhals.from_native(df, allow_series=False)
+    nw_df = narwhals.from_native(df, allow_series=False, pass_through=True)
     if isinstance(nw_df, narwhals.LazyFrame):
         nw_df = nw_df.collect()
 
diff --git a/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py b/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py
index 56ff85dcae..2f5a88628f 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 from dlt.common import logger
 from dlt.common.data_types.typing import TDataType
 from dlt.common.exceptions import ValueErrorWithKnownValues
-from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object, is_pandas_frame, is_polars_frame
+from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import is_dataframe
 from dlt.common.jsonpath import compile_path, extract_simple_field_name
 from dlt.common.typing import (
     TDataItem,
@@ -644,7 +645,7 @@ def _get_transform(self, items: TDataItems) -> IncrementalTransform:
         """Gets transform implementation that handles particular data item type"""
         # assume list is all of the same type
         for item in items if isinstance(items, list) else [items]:
-            if is_arrow_object(item) or is_pandas_frame(item) or is_polars_frame(item):
+            if is_arrow_object(item) or is_dataframe(item):
                 return self._make_or_get_transformer(ArrowIncremental)
             return self._make_or_get_transformer(JsonIncremental)
         return self._make_or_get_transformer(JsonIncremental)

From a6ad157e74f684d1866df2c5d7393672d315e4b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 22:37:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] remove pandas and polars from dlt/extract/extractors.py

---
 dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py |  2 +-
 dlt/extract/extractors.py   | 18 ++----------------
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
index ab470555ec..d5bce9b0a8 100644
--- a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
+++ b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def df_to_arrow(df: IntoDataFrame) -> pyarrow.Table:
     """Converts any narwhals-compatible eager or lazy frame to a pyarrow table.
     lazy frames are eagerly collected.
     """
-    nw_df = narwhals.from_native(df, allow_series=False, pass_through=True)
+    nw_df = narwhals.from_native(df, allow_series=False)
     if isinstance(nw_df, narwhals.LazyFrame):
         nw_df = nw_df.collect()
 
diff --git a/dlt/extract/extractors.py b/dlt/extract/extractors.py
index 3110cdd02b..6cacda7133 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/extractors.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/extractors.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     DestinationCapabilitiesContext,
     adjust_schema_to_capabilities,
 )
-from dlt.common.libs import is_pandas_frame, is_polars_frame
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import df_to_arrow
 from dlt.common.metrics import DataWriterMetrics
 from dlt.common.runtime.collector import Collector, NULL_COLLECTOR
 from dlt.common.typing import TDataItems, TDataItem, TLoaderFileFormat
@@ -35,19 +35,6 @@
     from dlt.common.libs.pyarrow import pyarrow as pa, TAnyArrowItem
 
 
-def _to_arrow_table(item: Any) -> Any:
-    """Convert a pandas or polars frame to a pyarrow Table; pass arrow items through."""
-    if is_pandas_frame(item):
-        from dlt.common.libs.pandas import pandas_to_arrow
-
-        return pandas_to_arrow(item)
-    if is_polars_frame(item):
-        from dlt.common.libs.polars import polars_to_arrow
-
-        return polars_to_arrow(item)
-    return item
-
-
 class MaterializedEmptyList(List[Any]):
     """A list variant that will materialize tables even if empty list was yielded"""
 
@@ -388,8 +375,7 @@ def write_items(self, resource: DltResource, items: TDataItems, meta: Any) -> No
 
         static_table_name = self._get_static_table_name(resource, meta)
         items = [
-            # 2. remove columns and rows in data contract filters
-            self._apply_contract_filters(_to_arrow_table(item), resource, static_table_name)
+            self._apply_contract_filters(df_to_arrow(item), resource, static_table_name)
             for item in items_list
         ]
         super().write_items(resource, items, meta)

From b2adf3d733180be4c1631dc9dbbfa24b0cfe2623 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 22:39:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] remove pandas and polars from dlt/extract/wrappers.py

---
 dlt/extract/wrappers.py | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/extract/wrappers.py b/dlt/extract/wrappers.py
index 1d53d8be23..d96a0a0dc3 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/wrappers.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/wrappers.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
-from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object, is_pandas_frame, is_polars_frame
+from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import is_dataframe
 
 
 def wrap_additional_type(data: Any) -> Any:
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ def wrap_additional_type(data: Any) -> Any:
     if data is None:
         return data
 
-    if is_arrow_object(data) or is_pandas_frame(data) or is_polars_frame(data):
+    if is_arrow_object(data) or is_dataframe(data):
         return [data]
 
     return data

From 7b55df9960b016f210ebb171a3b35a53ee244011 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 22:44:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] remove pandas and polars from dlt/extract/utils.py

---
 dlt/extract/utils.py | 16 +++-------------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/extract/utils.py b/dlt/extract/utils.py
index 938acb820e..2f3bf37369 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/utils.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/utils.py
@@ -17,15 +17,8 @@
 from functools import wraps
 
 from dlt.common.data_writers import TDataItemFormat
-from dlt.common.libs import (
-    get_pandas_module,
-    get_polars_module,
-    get_pyarrow_module,
-    get_pydantic_module,
-    is_arrow_object,
-    is_pandas_frame,
-    is_polars_frame,
-)
+from dlt.common.libs import get_pydantic_module, is_arrow_object
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import is_dataframe
 from dlt.common.reflection.inspect import isgeneratorfunction
 from dlt.common.schema.typing import TAnySchemaColumns, TTableSchemaColumns
 from dlt.common.schema.utils import normalize_schema_name
@@ -63,14 +56,11 @@ def get_data_item_format(items: TDataItems) -> TDataItemFormat:
     if isinstance(items, Relation):
         return "model"
 
-    if get_pyarrow_module() is None and get_pandas_module() is None and get_polars_module() is None:
-        return "object"
-
     # Assume all items in list are the same type
     try:
         if isinstance(items, list):
             items = items[0]
-        if is_arrow_object(items) or is_pandas_frame(items) or is_polars_frame(items):
+        if is_arrow_object(items) or is_dataframe(items):
             return "arrow"
     except IndexError:
         pass

From 35c803a8a4bdca9f32ac932ddf71f3012c05bc7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 May 2026 22:57:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] bumped narwhals version

---
 pyproject.toml |  2 +-
 uv.lock        | 67 ++++++--------------------------------------------
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index e394187b74..8e38da6c33 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "sqlglot>=25.4.0",
     "pywin32>=306 ; sys_platform == 'win32'",
     "rich-argparse>=1.6.0",
-    "narwhals>=1.41.0",
+    "narwhals>=2.20.0",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index fcb729eb05..ef764e1832 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -417,8 +417,7 @@ source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "jinja2", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
     { name = "jsonschema", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
-    { name = "narwhals", version = "1.41.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version == '3.10.*'" },
-    { name = "narwhals", version = "2.17.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "narwhals", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
     { name = "packaging", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
     { name = "typing-extensions", version = "4.15.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.10'" },
 ]
@@ -2458,8 +2457,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "giturlparse" },
     { name = "humanize" },
     { name = "jsonpath-ng" },
-    { name = "narwhals", version = "1.41.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-    { name = "narwhals", version = "2.17.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "narwhals" },
     { name = "orjson", version = "3.10.18", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "(python_full_version >= '3.10' and python_full_version < '3.14' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten') or (python_full_version >= '3.11' and python_full_version < '3.14' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten')" },
     { name = "orjson", version = "3.11.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14' or (python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten') or (python_full_version < '3.11' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten')" },
     { name = "packaging" },
@@ -2841,7 +2839,7 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "lancedb", marker = "extra == 'lancedb'", specifier = ">=0.22.0" },
     { name = "marimo", marker = "extra == 'workspace'", specifier = ">=0.14.5" },
     { name = "mowidgets", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11' and extra == 'workspace'", specifier = ">=0.2.1" },
-    { name = "narwhals", specifier = ">=1.41.0" },
+    { name = "narwhals", specifier = ">=2.20.0" },
     { name = "oracledb", marker = "extra == 'oracle'", specifier = ">=3.4.1" },
     { name = "orjson", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.14'", specifier = ">=3.11.0" },
     { name = "orjson", marker = "platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'", specifier = ">=3.6.7,!=3.9.11,!=3.9.12,!=3.9.13,!=3.9.14,!=3.10.1,<4" },
@@ -5510,7 +5508,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "itsdangerous", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
     { name = "jedi", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
     { name = "markdown", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-    { name = "narwhals", version = "1.41.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
+    { name = "narwhals", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
     { name = "packaging", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
     { name = "psutil", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
     { name = "pygments", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
@@ -5567,7 +5565,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "loro", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "markdown", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "msgspec", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
-    { name = "narwhals", version = "2.17.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "narwhals", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "packaging", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "psutil", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "pygments", marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
@@ -6578,60 +6576,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "narwhals"
-version = "1.41.0"
+version = "2.20.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-resolution-markers = [
-    "python_full_version == '3.10.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.10.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.10.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.10.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.10.*' and os_name == 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.10.*' and os_name != 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name == 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version < '3.10' and os_name != 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/fc/7b9a3689911662be59889b1b0b40e17d5dba6f98080994d86ca1f3154d41/narwhals-1.41.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0ab2e5a1757a19b071e37ca74b53b0b5426789321d68939738337dfddea629b5", size = 488446, upload-time = "2025-05-26T12:46:07.43Z" }
-wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c9/e0/ade8619846645461c012498f02b93a659e50f07d9d9a6ffefdf5ea2c02a0/narwhals-1.41.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d958336b40952e4c4b7aeef259a7074851da0800cf902186a58f2faeff97be02", size = 357968, upload-time = "2025-05-26T12:46:05.207Z" },
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "narwhals"
-version = "2.17.0"
-source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-resolution-markers = [
-    "python_full_version >= '3.14' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version >= '3.14' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version >= '3.14' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version >= '3.14' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version >= '3.14' and os_name == 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version >= '3.14' and os_name != 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.12.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.11.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.12.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.11.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.12.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.11.*' and os_name == 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.12.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.11.*' and os_name != 'nt' and platform_python_implementation == 'PyPy' and sys_platform != 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and os_name == 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.13.*' and os_name != 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.12.*' and os_name == 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.11.*' and os_name == 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.12.*' and os_name != 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-    "python_full_version == '3.11.*' and os_name != 'nt' and sys_platform == 'emscripten'",
-]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/59/81d0f4cad21484083466f278e6b392addd9f4205b48d45b5c8771670ebf8/narwhals-2.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ebd5bc95bcfa2f8e89a8ac09e2765a63055162837208e67b42d6eeb6651d5e67", size = 620306, upload-time = "2026-02-23T09:44:34.142Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e9/f3/257adc69a71011b4c8cda321b00f02c5bf1980ae38ffd05a58d9632d4de8/narwhals-2.20.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c10994975fa7dc5a68c2cffcddbd5908fc8ebb2d463c5bab085309c0ee1f551e", size = 627848, upload-time = "2026-04-20T12:11:45.427Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/27/20770bd6bf8fbe1e16f848ba21da9df061f38d2e6483952c29d2bb5d1d8b/narwhals-2.17.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2ac5307b7c2b275a7d66eeda906b8605e3d7a760951e188dcfff86e8ebe083dd", size = 444897, upload-time = "2026-02-23T09:44:32.006Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/69/f24d3d1c38ad69e256138b4ec2452a8c7cf66be49dc214771ae99dd4f0a0/narwhals-2.20.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:16e750ea5507d4ba6e8d03455b5f93a535e0405976561baea235bca5dc9f475d", size = 449373, upload-time = "2026-04-20T12:11:43.596Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From 61e510fae97595214be8ad4abd27fbc1c887969f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 5 May 2026 10:01:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] handle pyarrow recordbatch

---
 dlt/extract/extractors.py | 20 +++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/extract/extractors.py b/dlt/extract/extractors.py
index 6cacda7133..7d4fb1f9fc 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/extractors.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/extractors.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
     DestinationCapabilitiesContext,
     adjust_schema_to_capabilities,
 )
+from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object
 from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import df_to_arrow
 from dlt.common.metrics import DataWriterMetrics
 from dlt.common.runtime.collector import Collector, NULL_COLLECTOR
@@ -371,13 +372,22 @@ def _retrieve_normalize_config(self) -> ItemsNormalizerConfiguration:
         )
 
     def write_items(self, resource: DltResource, items: TDataItems, meta: Any) -> None:
+        static_table_name = self._get_static_table_name(resource, meta)
+
         items_list = items if isinstance(items, list) else [items]
+        items = []
+        for item in items_list:
+            if not is_arrow_object(item):
+                try:
+                    item = df_to_arrow(item)
+                except TypeError:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Received unsupported type `{type(item)}`. Not supported by pyarrow nor"
+                        " narwhals."
+                    )
+
+            items.append(self._apply_contract_filters(item, resource, static_table_name))
 
-        static_table_name = self._get_static_table_name(resource, meta)
-        items = [
-            self._apply_contract_filters(df_to_arrow(item), resource, static_table_name)
-            for item in items_list
-        ]
         super().write_items(resource, items, meta)
 
     def _write_to_static_table(

From 5df5b4b1d45305afcb020c49098b38f22109238c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 09:15:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] use native narwhals.dependencies.is_into_dataframe()

---
 dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py         | 7 -------
 dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py | 4 ++--
 dlt/extract/utils.py                | 4 ++--
 dlt/extract/wrappers.py             | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
index d5bce9b0a8..101f098bd4 100644
--- a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
+++ b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
@@ -9,13 +9,6 @@
     from dlt.common.libs.pyarrow import pyarrow
 
 
-def is_dataframe(obj: Any) -> bool:
-    maybe_converted = narwhals.from_native(obj, allow_series=False, pass_through=True)
-    if isinstance(maybe_converted, (narwhals.DataFrame, narwhals.LazyFrame)):
-        return True
-    return False
-
-
 def df_to_arrow(df: IntoDataFrame) -> pyarrow.Table:
     """Converts any narwhals-compatible eager or lazy frame to a pyarrow table.
     lazy frames are eagerly collected.
diff --git a/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py b/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py
index 2f5a88628f..1d33fb73a1 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/incremental/__init__.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 from dlt.common.data_types.typing import TDataType
 from dlt.common.exceptions import ValueErrorWithKnownValues
 from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object
-from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import is_dataframe
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import narwhals
 from dlt.common.jsonpath import compile_path, extract_simple_field_name
 from dlt.common.typing import (
     TDataItem,
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ def _get_transform(self, items: TDataItems) -> IncrementalTransform:
         """Gets transform implementation that handles particular data item type"""
         # assume list is all of the same type
         for item in items if isinstance(items, list) else [items]:
-            if is_arrow_object(item) or is_dataframe(item):
+            if is_arrow_object(item) or narwhals.dependencies.is_into_dataframe(item):
                 return self._make_or_get_transformer(ArrowIncremental)
             return self._make_or_get_transformer(JsonIncremental)
         return self._make_or_get_transformer(JsonIncremental)
diff --git a/dlt/extract/utils.py b/dlt/extract/utils.py
index 2f3bf37369..23bdd6d32a 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/utils.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/utils.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 from dlt.common.data_writers import TDataItemFormat
 from dlt.common.libs import get_pydantic_module, is_arrow_object
-from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import is_dataframe
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import narwhals
 from dlt.common.reflection.inspect import isgeneratorfunction
 from dlt.common.schema.typing import TAnySchemaColumns, TTableSchemaColumns
 from dlt.common.schema.utils import normalize_schema_name
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def get_data_item_format(items: TDataItems) -> TDataItemFormat:
     try:
         if isinstance(items, list):
             items = items[0]
-        if is_arrow_object(items) or is_dataframe(items):
+        if is_arrow_object(items) or narwhals.dependencies.is_into_dataframe(items):
             return "arrow"
     except IndexError:
         pass
diff --git a/dlt/extract/wrappers.py b/dlt/extract/wrappers.py
index d96a0a0dc3..07c59be33e 100644
--- a/dlt/extract/wrappers.py
+++ b/dlt/extract/wrappers.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 from dlt.common.libs import is_arrow_object
-from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import is_dataframe
+from dlt.common.libs.narwhals import narwhals
 
 
 def wrap_additional_type(data: Any) -> Any:
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def wrap_additional_type(data: Any) -> Any:
     if data is None:
         return data
 
-    if is_arrow_object(data) or is_dataframe(data):
+    if is_arrow_object(data) or narwhals.dependencies.is_into_dataframe(data):
         return [data]
 
     return data

From a62a381b49318e938620172b3e2fd0c0ef69bc58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zilto <68975210+zilto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 17:11:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] narwhals typing fix

---
 dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
index 101f098bd4..e3d912f3d6 100644
--- a/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
+++ b/dlt/common/libs/narwhals.py
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 import narwhals
-from narwhals.typing import IntoDataFrame
+
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from narwhals.typing import IntoFrame
+
     from dlt.common.libs.pyarrow import pyarrow
 
 
-def df_to_arrow(df: IntoDataFrame) -> pyarrow.Table:
+def df_to_arrow(df: IntoFrame) -> pyarrow.Table:
     """Converts any narwhals-compatible eager or lazy frame to a pyarrow table.
     lazy frames are eagerly collected.
     """