diff --git a/impl/src/main/java/jakarta/faces/component/ComponentStateHelper.java b/impl/src/main/java/jakarta/faces/component/ComponentStateHelper.java
index aa25a74d72..aa1ab0b28a 100644
--- a/impl/src/main/java/jakarta/faces/component/ComponentStateHelper.java
+++ b/impl/src/main/java/jakarta/faces/component/ComponentStateHelper.java
@@ -354,15 +354,15 @@ public void restoreState(FacesContext context, Object state) {
                     put(serializable, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
                 }
             } else if (value instanceof List) {
-                if (defaultMap != null) {
-                    defaultMap.remove(serializable);
+                List<Object> current = (List<Object>) get(serializable);
+                for (Object item : (List<?>) value) {
+                    if (current == null || !current.contains(item)) {
+                        add(serializable, item);
+                        if (current == null) {
+                            current = (List<Object>) get(serializable);
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-                if (deltaMap != null) {
-                    deltaMap.remove(serializable);
-                }
-
-                List<?> values = (List<?>) value;
-                values.stream().forEach(o -> add(serializable, o));
             } else {
                 put(serializable, value);
                 handleAttribute(serializable.toString(), value);
diff --git a/impl/src/test/java/jakarta/faces/component/UIComponentBaseTestCase.java b/impl/src/test/java/jakarta/faces/component/UIComponentBaseTestCase.java
index a88ebf34b1..f0820e5377 100644
--- a/impl/src/test/java/jakarta/faces/component/UIComponentBaseTestCase.java
+++ b/impl/src/test/java/jakarta/faces/component/UIComponentBaseTestCase.java
@@ -447,6 +447,39 @@ public void testAttributesThatAreSetStateHolder() throws Exception {
         assertEquals(Arrays.asList("attr2"), c.getAttributes().get("jakarta.faces.component.UIComponentBase.attributesThatAreSet"));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The {@code attributesThatAreSet} delta list only carries entries added after
+     * {@code markInitialState()}. On restore it must therefore be <em>merged</em> onto the list that
+     * {@code buildView} already rebuilt for this request, not replace it. Replacing dropped every
+     * attribute the tag handlers re-registered before the delta was applied &mdash; e.g. a
+     * {@code styleClass} rendered on the first postback but gone from the second onward (issue #5880),
+     * triggered by any {@code setValueExpression(name, ve)} with a non-literal {@code ve} on a
+     * restored component, such as from a {@code PostRestoreStateEvent} listener.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAttributesThatAreSetMergeOnRestore() throws Exception {
+        request.setAttribute("foo", "bar");
+
+        // buildView registers a tag attribute; a post-restore binding then adds a non-literal one.
+        ComponentTestImpl c = new ComponentTestImpl();
+        c.getAttributes().put("styleClass", "foo bar");
+        c.markInitialState();
+        c.setValueExpression("label", application.getExpressionFactory().createValueExpression(facesContext.getELContext(), "#{foo}", String.class));
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("styleClass", "label"), c.getAttributes().get("jakarta.faces.component.UIComponentBase.attributesThatAreSet"));
+
+        Object state = c.saveState(facesContext); // delta carries only [label]
+
+        // Next postback: buildView rebuilds styleClass before the delta is restored on top of it.
+        c = new ComponentTestImpl();
+        c.getAttributes().put("styleClass", "foo bar");
+        c.markInitialState();
+        c.pushComponentToEL(facesContext, c);
+        c.restoreState(facesContext, state);
+        c.popComponentFromEL(facesContext);
+
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("styleClass", "label"), c.getAttributes().get("jakarta.faces.component.UIComponentBase.attributesThatAreSet"));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testValueExpressions() throws Exception {