From 6867167098937a0b6f9893c4c0755c234b755a3d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MercysJest <wilsonnguyen@microsoft.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 11:25:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Updates gadgets to make namespace pushing more consistent

---
 Cargo.toml                     |  2 +-
 src/frontend/gadgets/num.rs    |  5 ++-
 src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs | 63 ++++++++++++++++------------------
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index be97417d3..dc5cd073a 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "nova-snark"
-version = "0.71.0"
+version = "0.71.1"
 authors = ["Srinath Setty <srinath@microsoft.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 description = "High-speed recursive arguments from folding schemes"
diff --git a/src/frontend/gadgets/num.rs b/src/frontend/gadgets/num.rs
index 3641b3a9f..f6e598c82 100644
--- a/src/frontend/gadgets/num.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/gadgets/num.rs
@@ -279,7 +279,10 @@ impl<Scalar: PrimeField> AllocatedNum<Scalar> {
     CS: ConstraintSystem<Scalar>,
     Scalar: PrimeFieldBits,
   {
-    let bits = boolean::field_into_allocated_bits_le(&mut cs, self.value)?;
+    let bits = boolean::field_into_allocated_bits_le(
+      cs.namespace(|| "field_into_allocated_bits_le"),
+      self.value,
+    )?;
 
     let mut lc = LinearCombination::zero();
     let mut coeff = Scalar::ONE;
diff --git a/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs b/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs
index e0117b83e..008e7639c 100644
--- a/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs
@@ -117,22 +117,20 @@ impl UInt32 {
     }
   }
 
-  fn triop<Scalar, CS, F, U>(
+  /// Compute the `maj` value (a and b) xor (a and c) xor (b and c)
+  /// during SHA256.
+  pub fn sha256_maj<Scalar, CS>(
     mut cs: CS,
     a: &Self,
     b: &Self,
     c: &Self,
-    tri_fn: F,
-    circuit_fn: U,
   ) -> Result<Self, SynthesisError>
   where
     Scalar: PrimeField,
     CS: ConstraintSystem<Scalar>,
-    F: Fn(u32, u32, u32) -> u32,
-    U: Fn(&mut CS, usize, &Boolean, &Boolean, &Boolean) -> Result<Boolean, SynthesisError>,
   {
     let new_value = match (a.value, b.value, c.value) {
-      (Some(a), Some(b), Some(c)) => Some(tri_fn(a, b, c)),
+      (Some(a), Some(b), Some(c)) => Some((a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c)),
       _ => None,
     };
 
@@ -142,7 +140,9 @@ impl UInt32 {
       .zip(b.bits.iter())
       .zip(c.bits.iter())
       .enumerate()
-      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| circuit_fn(&mut cs, i, a, b, c))
+      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| {
+        Boolean::sha256_maj(cs.namespace(|| format!("maj {i}")), a, b, c)
+      })
       .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
 
     Ok(UInt32 {
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ impl UInt32 {
     })
   }
 
-  /// Compute the `maj` value (a and b) xor (a and c) xor (b and c)
+  /// Compute the `ch` value `(a and b) xor ((not a) and c)`
   /// during SHA256.
-  pub fn sha256_maj<Scalar, CS>(
-    cs: CS,
+  pub fn sha256_ch<Scalar, CS>(
+    mut cs: CS,
     a: &Self,
     b: &Self,
     c: &Self,
@@ -163,31 +163,26 @@ impl UInt32 {
     Scalar: PrimeField,
     CS: ConstraintSystem<Scalar>,
   {
-    Self::triop(
-      cs,
-      a,
-      b,
-      c,
-      |a, b, c| (a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c),
-      |cs, i, a, b, c| Boolean::sha256_maj(cs.namespace(|| format!("maj {i}")), a, b, c),
-    )
-  }
+    let new_value = match (a.value, b.value, c.value) {
+      (Some(a), Some(b), Some(c)) => Some((a & b) ^ ((!a) & c)),
+      _ => None,
+    };
 
-  /// Compute the `ch` value `(a and b) xor ((not a) and c)`
-  /// during SHA256.
-  pub fn sha256_ch<Scalar, CS>(cs: CS, a: &Self, b: &Self, c: &Self) -> Result<Self, SynthesisError>
-  where
-    Scalar: PrimeField,
-    CS: ConstraintSystem<Scalar>,
-  {
-    Self::triop(
-      cs,
-      a,
-      b,
-      c,
-      |a, b, c| (a & b) ^ ((!a) & c),
-      |cs, i, a, b, c| Boolean::sha256_ch(cs.namespace(|| format!("ch {i}")), a, b, c),
-    )
+    let bits = a
+      .bits
+      .iter()
+      .zip(b.bits.iter())
+      .zip(c.bits.iter())
+      .enumerate()
+      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| {
+        Boolean::sha256_ch(cs.namespace(|| format!("ch {i}")), a, b, c)
+      })
+      .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+    Ok(UInt32 {
+      bits,
+      value: new_value,
+    })
   }
 
   /// XOR this `UInt32` with another `UInt32`

From 943e8b1cbd01db934ca64ff707525e574474f05b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MercysJest <wilsonnguyen@microsoft.com>
Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 12:29:06 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] cargo fmt

---
 src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs | 8 ++------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs b/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs
index 008e7639c..2e598e5c6 100644
--- a/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs
+++ b/src/frontend/gadgets/uint32.rs
@@ -140,9 +140,7 @@ impl UInt32 {
       .zip(b.bits.iter())
       .zip(c.bits.iter())
       .enumerate()
-      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| {
-        Boolean::sha256_maj(cs.namespace(|| format!("maj {i}")), a, b, c)
-      })
+      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| Boolean::sha256_maj(cs.namespace(|| format!("maj {i}")), a, b, c))
       .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
 
     Ok(UInt32 {
@@ -174,9 +172,7 @@ impl UInt32 {
       .zip(b.bits.iter())
       .zip(c.bits.iter())
       .enumerate()
-      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| {
-        Boolean::sha256_ch(cs.namespace(|| format!("ch {i}")), a, b, c)
-      })
+      .map(|(i, ((a, b), c))| Boolean::sha256_ch(cs.namespace(|| format!("ch {i}")), a, b, c))
       .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
 
     Ok(UInt32 {