diff --git a/src/cli/commands/monitor/index.ts b/src/cli/commands/monitor/index.ts
index effdcf9659..2ad0f92578 100644
--- a/src/cli/commands/monitor/index.ts
+++ b/src/cli/commands/monitor/index.ts
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ import {
 } from '../../../lib/package-managers';
 import { normalizeTargetFile } from '../../../lib/normalize-target-file';
 import { getOrganizationID } from '../../../lib/organization';
+import { getPrintGraphMode } from '../../../lib/snyk-test/common';
 
 const SEPARATOR = '\n-------------------------------------------------------\n';
 const debug = Debug('snyk');
@@ -216,10 +217,11 @@ export default async function monitor(...args0: MethodArgs): Promise<any> {
   let enableMavenDverboseExhaustiveDeps = false;
   try {
     const args = options['_doubleDashArgs'] || [];
+    const printGraphMode = getPrintGraphMode(options);
     const verboseEnabled =
       args.includes('-Dverbose') ||
       args.includes('-Dverbose=true') ||
-      !!options['print-graph'];
+      printGraphMode.printGraphEnabled;
     if (verboseEnabled) {
       enableMavenDverboseExhaustiveDeps = (await hasFeatureFlag(
         MAVEN_DVERBOSE_EXHAUSTIVE_DEPS_FF,
diff --git a/src/lib/ecosystems/test.ts b/src/lib/ecosystems/test.ts
index 6424419eec..b34d6030f1 100644
--- a/src/lib/ecosystems/test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/ecosystems/test.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ import { getPlugin } from './plugins';
 import { TestDependenciesResponse } from '../snyk-test/legacy';
 import {
   assembleQueryString,
+  getPrintGraphMode,
   printDepGraph,
+  printDepGraphJsonl,
   shouldPrintDepGraph,
 } from '../snyk-test/common';
 import { getAuthHeader } from '../api-token';
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ export async function testEcosystem(
 
   if (isUnmanagedEcosystem(ecosystem) && shouldPrintDepGraph(options)) {
     const [target] = paths;
-    return printUnmanagedDepGraph(results, target, process.stdout);
+    return printUnmanagedDepGraph(results, target, process.stdout, options);
   }
 
   const [testResults, errors] = await selectAndExecuteTestStrategy(
@@ -99,11 +101,22 @@ export async function printUnmanagedDepGraph(
   results: ScanResultsByPath,
   target: string,
   destination: Writable,
+  options: Options,
 ): Promise<TestCommandResult> {
   const [result] = await getUnmanagedDepGraph(results);
   const depGraph = convertDepGraph(result);
 
-  await printDepGraph(depGraph, target, destination);
+  if (getPrintGraphMode(options).jsonlOutput) {
+    await printDepGraphJsonl(
+      depGraph,
+      target,
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
+      destination,
+    );
+  } else {
+    await printDepGraph(depGraph, target, destination);
+  }
 
   return TestCommandResult.createJsonTestCommandResult('');
 }
diff --git a/src/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.ts b/src/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.ts
index 44fb556a4d..ee4d8feda4 100644
--- a/src/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.ts
+++ b/src/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { convertSingleResultToMultiCustom } from './convert-single-splugin-res-t
 import { convertMultiResultToMultiCustom } from './convert-multi-plugin-res-to-multi-custom';
 import { processYarnWorkspaces } from './nodejs-plugin/yarn-workspaces-parser';
 import { ScannedProject } from '@snyk/cli-interface/legacy/common';
+import { shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors } from '../snyk-test/common';
 
 const debug = debugModule('snyk-test');
 
@@ -104,14 +105,9 @@ export async function getDepsFromPlugin(
   }
   let inspectRes;
   try {
-    inspectRes = await getSinglePluginResult(
-      root,
-      options,
-      '',
-      featureFlags,
-    );
+    inspectRes = await getSinglePluginResult(root, options, '', featureFlags);
   } catch (error) {
-    if (options['print-effective-graph-with-errors']) {
+    if (shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors(options)) {
       const errMessage =
         error?.message ?? 'Something went wrong getting dependencies';
       debug(
diff --git a/src/lib/plugins/get-multi-plugin-result.ts b/src/lib/plugins/get-multi-plugin-result.ts
index c51c1b2779..bc58da40c4 100644
--- a/src/lib/plugins/get-multi-plugin-result.ts
+++ b/src/lib/plugins/get-multi-plugin-result.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import { errorMessageWithRetry, FailedToRunTestError } from '../errors';
 import { processYarnWorkspaces } from './nodejs-plugin/yarn-workspaces-parser';
 import { processNpmWorkspaces } from './nodejs-plugin/npm-workspaces-parser';
 import { processPnpmWorkspaces } from 'snyk-nodejs-plugin';
+import { shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors } from '../snyk-test/common';
 
 const debug = debugModule('snyk-test');
 export interface ScannedProjectCustom
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ export async function getMultiPluginResult(
   if (!allResults.length) {
     // When allow-incomplete-sbom is active, return instead of throwing
     // so the caller can print per-project JSONL error entries
-    if (options['print-effective-graph-with-errors']) {
+    if (shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors(options)) {
       return {
         plugin: {
           name: 'custom-auto-detect',
diff --git a/src/lib/snyk-test/common.ts b/src/lib/snyk-test/common.ts
index 86724edc67..2699063f96 100644
--- a/src/lib/snyk-test/common.ts
+++ b/src/lib/snyk-test/common.ts
@@ -80,6 +80,50 @@ export type FailOn = 'all' | 'upgradable' | 'patchable';
 export const RETRY_ATTEMPTS = 3;
 export const RETRY_DELAY = 500;
 
+export interface PrintGraphMode {
+  printGraphEnabled: boolean;
+  effectiveGraph: boolean;
+  jsonlOutput: boolean;
+  printErrors: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * getPrintGraphMode derives canonical print-graph behavior from both
+ * the new flag set and legacy aliases during the migration window.
+ */
+export function getPrintGraphMode(opts: Options): PrintGraphMode {
+  const legacyEffectiveGraph = !!opts['print-effective-graph'];
+  const legacyEffectiveGraphWithErrors =
+    !!opts['print-effective-graph-with-errors'];
+
+  const printGraphEnabled =
+    !!opts['print-graph'] ||
+    legacyEffectiveGraph ||
+    legacyEffectiveGraphWithErrors;
+
+  const effectiveGraph =
+    !!opts['effective-graph'] ||
+    legacyEffectiveGraph ||
+    legacyEffectiveGraphWithErrors;
+
+  const printErrors =
+    printGraphEnabled &&
+    (!!opts['print-errors'] || legacyEffectiveGraphWithErrors);
+
+  const jsonlOutput =
+    printGraphEnabled &&
+    (!!opts['jsonl-output'] ||
+      legacyEffectiveGraph ||
+      legacyEffectiveGraphWithErrors);
+
+  return {
+    printGraphEnabled,
+    effectiveGraph,
+    jsonlOutput,
+    printErrors,
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * printDepGraph writes the given dep-graph and target name to the destination
  * stream as expected by the `depgraph` CLI workflow.
@@ -102,15 +146,17 @@ export async function printDepGraph(
 }
 
 export function shouldPrintDepGraph(opts: Options): boolean {
-  return opts['print-graph'] && !opts['print-deps'];
+  const mode = getPrintGraphMode(opts);
+  return mode.printGraphEnabled && !mode.effectiveGraph && !opts['print-deps'];
 }
 
 /**
- * printEffectiveDepGraph writes the given, possibly pruned dep-graph and target file to the destination
- * stream as a JSON object containing both depGraph, normalisedTargetFile and targetFile from plugin.
- * This allows extracting the effective dep-graph which is being used for the test.
+ * printDepGraphJsonl writes dep-graph metadata to the destination stream as one JSON object
+ * per line (JSONL): depGraph, normalisedTargetFile, optional targetFileFromPlugin, optional target.
+ * Used when --print-graph --jsonl-output is set for both complete and effective graphs; callers
+ * supply the dep-graph payload (full or pruned) they want to serialize.
  */
-export async function printEffectiveDepGraph(
+export async function printDepGraphJsonl(
   depGraph: DepGraphData,
   normalisedTargetFile: string,
   targetFileFromPlugin: string | undefined,
@@ -118,17 +164,14 @@ export async function printEffectiveDepGraph(
   destination: Writable,
 ): Promise<void> {
   return new Promise((res, rej) => {
-    const effectiveGraphOutput = {
+    const record = {
       depGraph,
       normalisedTargetFile,
       targetFileFromPlugin,
       target,
     };
 
-    new ConcatStream(
-      new JsonStreamStringify(effectiveGraphOutput),
-      Readable.from('\n'),
-    )
+    new ConcatStream(new JsonStreamStringify(record), Readable.from('\n'))
       .on('end', res)
       .on('error', rej)
       .pipe(destination);
@@ -136,17 +179,18 @@ export async function printEffectiveDepGraph(
 }
 
 /**
- * printEffectiveDepGraphError writes an error output for failed dependency graph resolution
- * to the destination stream in a format consistent with printEffectiveDepGraph.
- * This is used when --print-effective-graph-with-errors is set but dependency resolution failed.
+ * printDepGraphJsonlError writes a JSONL line for failed dependency graph resolution, shaped for
+ * consumers that read the same stream as printDepGraphJsonl.
+ * Used when graph output includes errors (e.g. legacy --print-effective-graph-with-errors or
+ * --print-graph --print-errors) but resolution failed for a project.
  */
-export async function printEffectiveDepGraphError(
+export async function printDepGraphJsonlError(
   root: string,
   failedProjectScanError: FailedProjectScanError,
   destination: Writable,
 ): Promise<void> {
   return new Promise((res, rej) => {
-    // Normalize the target file path to be relative to root, consistent with printEffectiveDepGraph
+    // Normalize the target file path to be relative to root, consistent with printDepGraphJsonl
     const normalisedTargetFile = failedProjectScanError.targetFile
       ? path.relative(root, failedProjectScanError.targetFile)
       : failedProjectScanError.targetFile;
@@ -154,15 +198,12 @@ export async function printEffectiveDepGraphError(
     const problemError = getOrCreateErrorCatalogError(failedProjectScanError);
     const serializedError = problemError.toJsonApi().body();
 
-    const effectiveGraphErrorOutput = {
+    const errorRecord = {
       error: serializedError,
       normalisedTargetFile,
     };
 
-    new ConcatStream(
-      new JsonStreamStringify(effectiveGraphErrorOutput),
-      Readable.from('\n'),
-    )
+    new ConcatStream(new JsonStreamStringify(errorRecord), Readable.from('\n'))
       .on('end', res)
       .on('error', rej)
       .pipe(destination);
@@ -173,18 +214,17 @@ export async function printEffectiveDepGraphError(
  * Checks if either --print-effective-graph or --print-effective-graph-with-errors is set.
  */
 export function shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraph(opts: Options): boolean {
-  return (
-    !!opts['print-effective-graph'] ||
-    shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraphWithErrors(opts)
-  );
+  const mode = getPrintGraphMode(opts);
+  return mode.printGraphEnabled && mode.effectiveGraph;
 }
 
 /**
- * shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraphWithErrors checks if the --print-effective-graph-with-errors flag is set.
- * This is used to determine if the effective dep-graph with errors should be printed.
+ * shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors returns true when dependency graph output
+ * is requested and error entries should also be printed.
  */
-export function shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraphWithErrors(opts: Options): boolean {
-  return !!opts['print-effective-graph-with-errors'];
+export function shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors(opts: Options): boolean {
+  const mode = getPrintGraphMode(opts);
+  return mode.printGraphEnabled && mode.printErrors;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/lib/snyk-test/index.js b/src/lib/snyk-test/index.js
index 8006dbf63a..a9fc03015d 100644
--- a/src/lib/snyk-test/index.js
+++ b/src/lib/snyk-test/index.js
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ const {
 } = require('../package-managers');
 const { getOrganizationID } = require('../organization');
 const debug = require('debug')('snyk-test');
+const { getPrintGraphMode } = require('./common');
 
 async function test(root, options, callback) {
   if (typeof options === 'function') {
@@ -53,10 +54,11 @@ async function executeTest(root, options) {
   let enableMavenDverboseExhaustiveDeps = false;
   try {
     const args = options['_doubleDashArgs'] || [];
+    const printGraphMode = getPrintGraphMode(options);
     const verboseEnabled =
       args.includes('-Dverbose') ||
       args.includes('-Dverbose=true') ||
-      !!options['print-graph'];
+      printGraphMode.printGraphEnabled;
     if (verboseEnabled) {
       enableMavenDverboseExhaustiveDeps = await hasFeatureFlag(
         MAVEN_DVERBOSE_EXHAUSTIVE_DEPS_FF,
diff --git a/src/lib/snyk-test/run-test.ts b/src/lib/snyk-test/run-test.ts
index 56c6cc0816..9bf6a3f460 100644
--- a/src/lib/snyk-test/run-test.ts
+++ b/src/lib/snyk-test/run-test.ts
@@ -39,13 +39,14 @@ import { isCI } from '../is-ci';
 import {
   RETRY_ATTEMPTS,
   RETRY_DELAY,
+  getPrintGraphMode,
   printDepGraph,
-  printEffectiveDepGraph,
-  printEffectiveDepGraphError,
+  printDepGraphJsonl,
+  printDepGraphJsonlError,
   assembleQueryString,
   shouldPrintDepGraph,
   shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraph,
-  shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraphWithErrors,
+  shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors,
 } from './common';
 import config from '../config';
 import * as analytics from '../analytics';
@@ -246,7 +247,11 @@ async function sendAndParseResults(
 ): Promise<TestResult[]> {
   const results: TestResult[] = [];
   const ecosystem = getEcosystem(options);
-  const depGraphs = new Map<string, depGraphLib.DepGraphData>();
+  const depGraphPrintJobs: {
+    legacyTargetLabel: string;
+    graph: depGraphLib.DepGraphData;
+    normalisedTargetFile: string;
+  }[] = [];
 
   await spinner.clear<void>(spinnerLbl)();
   if (!options.quiet) {
@@ -322,7 +327,11 @@ async function sendAndParseResults(
 
     if (ecosystem && depGraph) {
       const targetName = scanResult ? constructProjectName(scanResult) : '';
-      depGraphs.set(targetName, depGraph.toJSON());
+      depGraphPrintJobs.push({
+        legacyTargetLabel: targetName,
+        graph: depGraph.toJSON(),
+        normalisedTargetFile: targetFile || displayTargetFile || '',
+      });
     }
 
     const legacyRes = convertIssuesToAffectedPkgs(response);
@@ -351,9 +360,20 @@ async function sendAndParseResults(
   }
 
   if (ecosystem && shouldPrintDepGraph(options)) {
+    const { jsonlOutput } = getPrintGraphMode(options);
     await spinner.clear<void>(spinnerLbl)();
-    for (const [targetName, depGraph] of depGraphs.entries()) {
-      await printDepGraph(depGraph, targetName, process.stdout);
+    for (const job of depGraphPrintJobs) {
+      if (jsonlOutput) {
+        await printDepGraphJsonl(
+          job.graph,
+          job.normalisedTargetFile || job.legacyTargetLabel,
+          undefined,
+          undefined,
+          process.stdout,
+        );
+      } else {
+        await printDepGraph(job.graph, job.legacyTargetLabel, process.stdout);
+      }
     }
     return [];
   }
@@ -656,7 +676,7 @@ async function assembleLocalPayloads(
       await spinner.clear<void>(spinnerLbl)();
       // When printing effective dep-graph with errors, suppress warning output —
       // the failures will be embedded in the generated SBOM as annotations.
-      const suppressWarnings = shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraphWithErrors(options);
+      const suppressWarnings = shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors(options);
       const isNotJsonOrQueiet =
         !options.json && !options.quiet && !suppressWarnings;
 
@@ -679,9 +699,9 @@ async function assembleLocalPayloads(
         failedResults,
       );
 
-      if (shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraphWithErrors(options)) {
+      if (shouldPrintDepGraphWithErrors(options)) {
         for (const failed of failedResults) {
-          await printEffectiveDepGraphError(root, failed, process.stdout);
+          await printDepGraphJsonlError(root, failed, process.stdout);
         }
       }
 
@@ -832,7 +852,17 @@ async function assembleLocalPayloads(
           );
         }
 
-        await printDepGraph(root.toJSON(), targetFile || '', process.stdout);
+        if (getPrintGraphMode(options).jsonlOutput) {
+          await printDepGraphJsonl(
+            root.toJSON(),
+            targetFile || '',
+            project.plugin.targetFile,
+            target,
+            process.stdout,
+          );
+        } else {
+          await printDepGraph(root.toJSON(), targetFile || '', process.stdout);
+        }
       }
 
       const body: PayloadBody = {
@@ -871,7 +901,9 @@ async function assembleLocalPayloads(
         });
       }
 
-      const pruneIsRequired = options.pruneRepeatedSubdependencies;
+      const pruneIsRequired =
+        options.pruneRepeatedSubdependencies ||
+        shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraph(options);
 
       if (packageManager) {
         depGraph = await pruneGraph(depGraph, packageManager, pruneIsRequired);
@@ -879,7 +911,7 @@ async function assembleLocalPayloads(
 
       if (shouldPrintEffectiveDepGraph(options)) {
         spinner.clear<void>(spinnerLbl)();
-        await printEffectiveDepGraph(
+        await printDepGraphJsonl(
           depGraph.toJSON(),
           targetFile,
           project.plugin.targetFile,
diff --git a/src/lib/types.ts b/src/lib/types.ts
index d87db84e70..c9e8132acb 100644
--- a/src/lib/types.ts
+++ b/src/lib/types.ts
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ export interface Options {
   'print-deps'?: boolean;
   'print-tree'?: boolean;
   'print-dep-paths'?: boolean;
+  'print-graph'?: boolean;
+  'jsonl-output'?: boolean;
+  'effective-graph'?: boolean;
+  'print-errors'?: boolean;
   'print-effective-graph'?: boolean;
   'print-effective-graph-with-errors'?: boolean;
   'remote-repo-url'?: string;
@@ -150,6 +154,10 @@ export interface MonitorOptions {
   json?: boolean;
   allSubProjects?: boolean;
   'project-name'?: string;
+  'print-graph'?: boolean;
+  'jsonl-output'?: boolean;
+  'effective-graph'?: boolean;
+  'print-errors'?: boolean;
   'print-deps'?: boolean;
   'print-dep-paths'?: boolean;
   'target-reference'?: string;
diff --git a/test/jest/acceptance/print-effective-dep-graph-with-errors.spec.ts b/test/jest/acceptance/print-effective-dep-graph-with-errors.spec.ts
index f9f687811e..6ed0472cff 100644
--- a/test/jest/acceptance/print-effective-dep-graph-with-errors.spec.ts
+++ b/test/jest/acceptance/print-effective-dep-graph-with-errors.spec.ts
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ describe('`test` command with `--print-effective-graph-with-errors` option', ()
     // Should have at least one output (either success or error)
     expect(jsonObjects.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
 
-    // Find error outputs from printEffectiveDepGraphError (has error.id field)
+    // Find error outputs from printDepGraphJsonlError (has error.id field)
     const errorOutputs = jsonObjects.filter(
       (obj) =>
         obj.error !== undefined && obj.normalisedTargetFile !== undefined,
diff --git a/test/jest/unit/lib/ecosystems/common.spec.ts b/test/jest/unit/lib/ecosystems/common.spec.ts
index 74f586b5f9..8e056a1a9d 100644
--- a/test/jest/unit/lib/ecosystems/common.spec.ts
+++ b/test/jest/unit/lib/ecosystems/common.spec.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { isUnmanagedEcosystem } from '../../../../../src/lib/ecosystems/common';
 import { handleProcessingStatus } from '../../../../../src/lib/polling/common';
 import { FailedToRunTestError } from '../../../../../src/lib/errors';
 import { printUnmanagedDepGraph } from '../../../../../src/lib/ecosystems/test';
+import { Options } from '../../../../../src/lib/types';
 import * as utils from '../../../../../src/lib/ecosystems/unmanaged/utils';
 import { DepGraphDataOpenAPI } from '../../../../../src/lib/ecosystems/unmanaged/types';
 
@@ -90,7 +91,12 @@ describe('printUnmanagedDepGraph fn', () => {
       },
     });
 
-    const { result } = await printUnmanagedDepGraph({}, 'foo/bar', mockDest);
+    const { result } = await printUnmanagedDepGraph(
+      {},
+      'foo/bar',
+      mockDest,
+      {} as Options,
+    );
 
     expect(result).toBe('');
     expect(buffer.toString()).toMatchSnapshot();
diff --git a/test/jest/unit/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.spec.ts b/test/jest/unit/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.spec.ts
index 516f58f303..5d5bf3956e 100644
--- a/test/jest/unit/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.spec.ts
+++ b/test/jest/unit/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin.spec.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { getDepsFromPlugin } from '../../../../../src/lib/plugins/get-deps-from-plugin';
 import { Options, TestOptions } from '../../../../../src/lib/types';
 import * as singlePluginResult from '../../../../../src/lib/plugins/get-single-plugin-result';
-import * as detect from '../../../../../src/lib/detect';
 
 jest.mock('../../../../../src/lib/plugins/get-single-plugin-result');
 jest.mock('../../../../../src/lib/detect', () => ({
@@ -23,9 +22,9 @@ describe('getDepsFromPlugin - print-effective-graph-with-errors', () => {
 
   it('should return failedResults when plugin throws and flag is set', async () => {
     const pluginError = new Error('missing lockfile');
-    (
-      singlePluginResult.getSinglePluginResult as jest.Mock
-    ).mockRejectedValue(pluginError);
+    (singlePluginResult.getSinglePluginResult as jest.Mock).mockRejectedValue(
+      pluginError,
+    );
 
     const options = {
       ...baseOptions,
@@ -45,19 +44,19 @@ describe('getDepsFromPlugin - print-effective-graph-with-errors', () => {
 
   it('should rethrow when plugin throws and flag is not set', async () => {
     const pluginError = new Error('missing lockfile');
-    (
-      singlePluginResult.getSinglePluginResult as jest.Mock
-    ).mockRejectedValue(pluginError);
+    (singlePluginResult.getSinglePluginResult as jest.Mock).mockRejectedValue(
+      pluginError,
+    );
 
-    await expect(
-      getDepsFromPlugin('/test', baseOptions),
-    ).rejects.toThrow('missing lockfile');
+    await expect(getDepsFromPlugin('/test', baseOptions)).rejects.toThrow(
+      'missing lockfile',
+    );
   });
 
   it('should use fallback message when error has no message', async () => {
-    (
-      singlePluginResult.getSinglePluginResult as jest.Mock
-    ).mockRejectedValue({ code: 'UNKNOWN' });
+    (singlePluginResult.getSinglePluginResult as jest.Mock).mockRejectedValue({
+      code: 'UNKNOWN',
+    });
 
     const options = {
       ...baseOptions,