diff --git a/test/Classes/Utilities/ExcelAccessibilityHelperTests.cs b/test/Classes/Utilities/ExcelAccessibilityHelperTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5891bf15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Classes/Utilities/ExcelAccessibilityHelperTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+using ClosedXML.Excel;
+using Viper.Classes.Utilities;
+
+namespace Test.Classes.Utilities;
+
+public class ExcelAccessibilityHelperTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetCoreProperties_PopulatesTitleSubjectAuthor()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb,
+            title: "Annual Report",
+            subject: "FY26 figures",
+            author: "Test Suite");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Annual Report", wb.Properties.Title);
+        Assert.Equal("FY26 figures", wb.Properties.Subject);
+        Assert.Equal("Test Suite", wb.Properties.Author);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetCoreProperties_DefaultsAuthorToUcDavisSvm()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, title: "Doc");
+
+        Assert.Equal(ExcelAccessibilityHelper.DefaultAuthor, wb.Properties.Author);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetCoreProperties_FallsBackSubjectToTitleWhenNull()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, title: "Just A Title");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Just A Title", wb.Properties.Subject);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PromoteToAccessibleTable_CreatesTableWithGivenName()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Data");
+        ws.Cell(1, 1).Value = "Name";
+        ws.Cell(1, 2).Value = "Score";
+        ws.Cell(2, 1).Value = "Alice";
+        ws.Cell(2, 2).Value = 42;
+
+        var table = ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+            ws.Range(1, 1, 2, 2), "ScoresTable");
+
+        Assert.Equal("ScoresTable", table.Name);
+        Assert.True(table.ShowHeaderRow);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PromoteToAccessibleTable_SanitizesInvalidCharactersInTableName()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Data");
+        ws.Cell(1, 1).Value = "Header";
+        ws.Cell(2, 1).Value = "Row";
+
+        var table = ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+            ws.Range(1, 1, 2, 1), "Cardiology - Group A");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Cardiology___Group_A", table.Name);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PromoteToAccessibleTable_PrependsLetterWhenNameStartsWithDigit()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Data");
+        ws.Cell(1, 1).Value = "Header";
+        ws.Cell(2, 1).Value = "Row";
+
+        var table = ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+            ws.Range(1, 1, 2, 1), "2026Report");
+
+        Assert.StartsWith("T_", table.Name);
+        Assert.Contains("2026Report", table.Name);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PromoteToAccessibleTable_HidesAutoFilterDropdowns()
+    {
+        using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Data");
+        ws.Cell(1, 1).Value = "Header";
+        ws.Cell(2, 1).Value = "Row";
+
+        var table = ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+            ws.Range(1, 1, 2, 1), "T1");
+
+        Assert.False(table.ShowAutoFilter);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/Classes/Utilities/PdfAccessibilityHelperTests.cs b/test/Classes/Utilities/PdfAccessibilityHelperTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c2226f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Classes/Utilities/PdfAccessibilityHelperTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+using Viper.Classes.Utilities;
+
+namespace Test.Classes.Utilities;
+
+public class PdfAccessibilityHelperTests
+{
+    private static Document MinimalDocument() =>
+        Document.Create(container =>
+            container.Page(page => page.Content().Text("placeholder")));
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_PopulatesAllMetadataFields()
+    {
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(
+            title: "Annual Report",
+            subject: "FY26 figures",
+            keywords: "merit, evaluation",
+            author: "Test Suite",
+            language: "en-GB");
+
+        var meta = document.GetMetadata();
+        Assert.Equal("Annual Report", meta.Title);
+        Assert.Equal("FY26 figures", meta.Subject);
+        Assert.Equal("merit, evaluation", meta.Keywords);
+        Assert.Equal("Test Suite", meta.Author);
+        Assert.Equal("en-GB", meta.Language);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_DefaultsAuthorToUcDavisSvm()
+    {
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(title: "Doc");
+
+        Assert.Equal(PdfAccessibilityHelper.DefaultAuthor, document.GetMetadata().Author);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_DefaultsLanguageToEnUs()
+    {
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(title: "Doc");
+
+        Assert.Equal(PdfAccessibilityHelper.DefaultLanguage, document.GetMetadata().Language);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_SubjectFallsBackToTitleWhenNull()
+    {
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(title: "Title Only");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Title Only", document.GetMetadata().Subject);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_KeywordsDefaultToEmptyStringWhenNull()
+    {
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(title: "Doc");
+
+        Assert.Equal(string.Empty, document.GetMetadata().Keywords);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_EnablesPdfUa1Conformance()
+    {
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(title: "Doc");
+
+        Assert.Equal(PDFUA_Conformance.PDFUA_1, document.GetSettings().PDFUA_Conformance);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void WithAccessibility_StampsCreationAndModifiedDates()
+    {
+        var before = DateTimeOffset.Now.AddSeconds(-5);
+        var document = MinimalDocument().WithAccessibility(title: "Doc");
+        var after = DateTimeOffset.Now.AddSeconds(5);
+
+        var meta = document.GetMetadata();
+        Assert.InRange(meta.CreationDate, before, after);
+        Assert.InRange(meta.ModifiedDate, before, after);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/Classes/Utilities/WordAccessibilityHelperTests.cs b/test/Classes/Utilities/WordAccessibilityHelperTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9ce3096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Classes/Utilities/WordAccessibilityHelperTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+using DocumentFormat.OpenXml;
+using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
+using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Wordprocessing;
+using Viper.Classes.Utilities;
+using DrawingNonVisualPicture = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualDrawingProperties;
+using DrawingDocProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.DocProperties;
+
+namespace Test.Classes.Utilities;
+
+public class WordAccessibilityHelperTests
+{
+#pragma warning disable S3220 // OpenXML SDK uses params overloads by design for fluent object construction
+    private static (WordprocessingDocument doc, MainDocumentPart mainPart) NewDocument(MemoryStream stream)
+    {
+        var doc = WordprocessingDocument.Create(stream, WordprocessingDocumentType.Document);
+        var mainPart = doc.AddMainDocumentPart();
+        mainPart.Document = new Document(new Body());
+        return (doc, mainPart);
+    }
+#pragma warning restore S3220
+
+    private static Style? FindStyle(Styles styles, string styleId) =>
+        styles.Elements<Style>().FirstOrDefault(s => s.StyleId?.Value == styleId);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EnsureAccessibilityStyles_RegistersHeading1WithOutlineLevel0()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, mainPart) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart);
+
+        var styles = mainPart.StyleDefinitionsPart!.Styles!;
+        var h1 = FindStyle(styles, WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading1StyleId);
+        Assert.NotNull(h1);
+        var outline = h1!.StyleParagraphProperties?.Elements<OutlineLevel>().FirstOrDefault();
+        Assert.NotNull(outline);
+        Assert.Equal(0, outline!.Val?.Value);
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EnsureAccessibilityStyles_TitleStyleIsNotMarkedDefault()
+    {
+        // Regression guard: Default = true on the Title paragraph style is wrong —
+        // only the Normal style should be default for its type.
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, mainPart) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart);
+
+        var styles = mainPart.StyleDefinitionsPart!.Styles!;
+        var title = FindStyle(styles, WordAccessibilityHelper.TitleStyleId);
+        Assert.NotNull(title);
+        Assert.False(title!.Default?.Value ?? false);
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EnsureAccessibilityStyles_TitleAndHeading1HaveDifferentFontSizes()
+    {
+        // Regression guard: visually distinguishable so users can tell the document
+        // title apart from a top-level heading.
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, mainPart) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart);
+
+        var styles = mainPart.StyleDefinitionsPart!.Styles!;
+        var titleSize = FindStyle(styles, WordAccessibilityHelper.TitleStyleId)
+            ?.StyleRunProperties?.Elements<FontSize>().FirstOrDefault()?.Val?.Value;
+        var h1Size = FindStyle(styles, WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading1StyleId)
+            ?.StyleRunProperties?.Elements<FontSize>().FirstOrDefault()?.Val?.Value;
+
+        Assert.NotNull(titleSize);
+        Assert.NotNull(h1Size);
+        Assert.NotEqual(titleSize, h1Size);
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EnsureAccessibilityStyles_SetsDefaultDocumentLanguage()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, mainPart) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart, language: "fr-FR");
+
+        var docDefaults = mainPart.StyleDefinitionsPart!.Styles!.Elements<DocDefaults>().Single();
+        var lang = docDefaults.RunPropertiesDefault?.RunPropertiesBaseStyle?
+            .Elements<Languages>().FirstOrDefault()?.Val?.Value;
+        Assert.Equal("fr-FR", lang);
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void EnsureAccessibilityStyles_IsIdempotent()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, mainPart) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart);
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart);
+
+        var styles = mainPart.StyleDefinitionsPart!.Styles!;
+        var styleIds = new[]
+        {
+            WordAccessibilityHelper.TitleStyleId,
+            WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading1StyleId,
+            WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading2StyleId,
+            WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading3StyleId,
+        };
+        foreach (var id in styleIds)
+        {
+            Assert.Equal(1, styles.Elements<Style>().Count(s => s.StyleId?.Value == id));
+        }
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetImageAltText_OnlyDescription_LeavesTitleNull()
+    {
+        // Regression guard: setting the same string for Title + Description
+        // raises an Office Accessibility Checker warning. Title must stay null
+        // unless caller explicitly opts in.
+        var wpDocProps = new DrawingDocProperties { Id = 1U, Name = "Img1" };
+        var picProps = new DrawingNonVisualPicture { Id = 1U, Name = "Img1.jpg" };
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.SetImageAltText(wpDocProps, picProps, "Photo of student");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Photo of student", wpDocProps.Description?.Value);
+        Assert.Equal("Photo of student", picProps.Description?.Value);
+        Assert.Null(wpDocProps.Title?.Value);
+        Assert.Null(picProps.Title?.Value);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetImageAltText_WithExplicitTitle_SetsBoth()
+    {
+        var wpDocProps = new DrawingDocProperties { Id = 1U, Name = "Img1" };
+        var picProps = new DrawingNonVisualPicture { Id = 1U, Name = "Img1.jpg" };
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.SetImageAltText(wpDocProps, picProps,
+            description: "Detailed long description for the chart",
+            title: "Q3 revenue");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Q3 revenue", wpDocProps.Title?.Value);
+        Assert.Equal("Q3 revenue", picProps.Title?.Value);
+        Assert.Equal("Detailed long description for the chart", wpDocProps.Description?.Value);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void CreateHeadingParagraph_AppliesGivenStyleId()
+    {
+        var paragraph = WordAccessibilityHelper.CreateHeadingParagraph(
+            "Section 1", WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading2StyleId);
+
+        var styleId = paragraph.ParagraphProperties?.ParagraphStyleId?.Val?.Value;
+        Assert.Equal(WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading2StyleId, styleId);
+        Assert.Equal("Section 1", paragraph.InnerText);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void MarkAsTableHeaderRow_AddsTblHeaderProperty()
+    {
+        var row = new TableRow();
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.MarkAsTableHeaderRow(row);
+
+        var props = row.Elements<TableRowProperties>().Single();
+        Assert.Single(props.Elements<TableHeader>());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void MarkAsTableHeaderRow_IsIdempotent()
+    {
+        var row = new TableRow();
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.MarkAsTableHeaderRow(row);
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.MarkAsTableHeaderRow(row);
+
+        var props = row.Elements<TableRowProperties>().Single();
+        Assert.Single(props.Elements<TableHeader>());
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetCoreProperties_PopulatesTitleSubjectCreatorLanguage()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, _) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(doc,
+            title: "Annual Report",
+            subject: "FY26 figures",
+            creator: "Test Suite",
+            language: "en-GB");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Annual Report", doc.PackageProperties.Title);
+        Assert.Equal("FY26 figures", doc.PackageProperties.Subject);
+        Assert.Equal("Test Suite", doc.PackageProperties.Creator);
+        Assert.Equal("en-GB", doc.PackageProperties.Language);
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SetCoreProperties_FallsBackSubjectToTitleWhenNull()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        var (doc, _) = NewDocument(stream);
+
+        WordAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(doc, title: "Just A Title");
+
+        Assert.Equal("Just A Title", doc.PackageProperties.Subject);
+
+        doc.Dispose();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/BaseReportService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/BaseReportService.cs
index 8eca062a..382f2691 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/BaseReportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/BaseReportService.cs
@@ -215,6 +215,37 @@ protected static void AddPdfFilterLine(IContainer container, params (string Labe
         });
     }
 
+    // ── PDF Page Footer ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Render the standard report footer — a filter summary plus "Page N of M".
+    /// Only the page counter is wrapped in
+    /// <see cref="QuestPDF.Fluent.SemanticExtensions.SemanticIgnore"/> (the
+    /// number itself is a repeating page artifact). The filter summary stays
+    /// in the semantic tree because for some reports (e.g. evaluation reports)
+    /// the filter values appear nowhere else in the PDF, and assistive tech
+    /// would otherwise lose that context.
+    /// </summary>
+    protected static void AddPdfPageNumberFooter(
+        IContainer footer,
+        params (string Label, string? Value)[] filters)
+    {
+        footer.Column(col =>
+        {
+            if (filters.Length > 0)
+            {
+                AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(), filters);
+            }
+            col.Item().SemanticIgnore().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
+            {
+                x.Span("Page ");
+                x.CurrentPageNumber();
+                x.Span(" of ");
+                x.TotalPages();
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
     // ── Excel Header / Filter Line ─────────────────────────────────
 
     /// <summary>
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalEffortService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalEffortService.cs
index e1fde763..47310a4e 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalEffortService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalEffortService.cs
@@ -300,8 +300,6 @@ private sealed class ClinicalEffortRawRow
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ClinicalEffortReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 14;
@@ -312,6 +310,8 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ClinicalEffortReport report)
         var percentWidth = compact ? 50f : 60f;
         var ratioWidth = compact ? 65f : 85f;
 
+        var reportTitle = $"Merit & Promotion Report - Clinical Effort - {report.ClinicalTypeName}";
+
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
             foreach (var jobGroup in report.JobGroups)
@@ -325,21 +325,23 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ClinicalEffortReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        // Institution name + date row repeats on every page —
+                        // mark it as artifact so screen readers don't replay it.
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text($"Merit & Promotion Report - Clinical Effort - {report.ClinicalTypeName}").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text($"Academic Year {report.TermName}").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                         col.Item().BorderBottom(1.5f).BorderColor(Colors.Black)
-                            .PaddingBottom(3).Text(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription).SemiBold().FontSize(11);
+                            .PaddingBottom(3).SemanticHeader2().Text(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription).SemiBold().FontSize(11);
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -402,20 +404,11 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ClinicalEffortReport report)
                         }
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(), ("Type", report.ClinicalTypeName));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(), ("Type", report.ClinicalTypeName));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Clinical effort report for academic year {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -423,20 +416,25 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ClinicalEffortReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ClinicalEffortReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
-        var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Report - Clinical Effort";
         var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Clinical effort for {termName}");
+
+        var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
         foreach (var jobGroup in report.JobGroups)
         {
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(ExcelHelper.SanitizeSheetName(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription));
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Merit & Promotion Report - Clinical Effort",
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle,
                 termName, subtitle: jobGroup.JobGroupDescription);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row, ("Type", report.ClinicalTypeName));
             row++; // blank separator
 
             // Column headers (no Job Group column — it's in the sheet name/header)
+            int headerRow = row;
             int col = 1;
             ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "Instructor";
             ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "Department";
@@ -451,6 +449,7 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ClinicalEffortReport report)
                 }
                 ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = type;
             }
+            int totalCols = col - 1;
             ws.Range($"{row}:{row}").Style.Font.Bold = true;
             ws.SheetView.FreezeRows(row);
             row++;
@@ -481,6 +480,14 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ClinicalEffortReport report)
                 row++;
             }
 
+            // Promote uniform instructor rows to a structured table for AT navigation.
+            if (row > headerRow + 1)
+            {
+                ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                    ws.Range(headerRow, 1, row - 1, totalCols),
+                    $"ClinicalEffort_{jobGroup.JobGroupDescription}");
+            }
+
             ws.Columns().AdjustToContents();
         }
 
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalScheduleService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalScheduleService.cs
index 5184b954..c6b541c8 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalScheduleService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ClinicalScheduleService.cs
@@ -295,8 +295,6 @@ private static ScheduledCliWeeksReport BuildReport(
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var showTotal = report.TermNames.Count > 1;
         var termCount = report.TermNames.Count;
         var fontSize = ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
@@ -305,6 +303,8 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
         // Use landscape for multi-term, portrait for single term
         var useLandscape = termCount > 1;
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Report - Scheduled Clinical Weeks";
+
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
             container.Page(page =>
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
 
                 page.Header().Column(col =>
                 {
-                    col.Item().Row(row =>
+                    col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                     {
                         row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                         row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
                     col.Item().BorderBottom(1.5f).BorderColor(Colors.Black)
                         .PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem(3).Text("Merit & Promotion Report - Scheduled Clinical Weeks").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem(3).SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             var termLabel = report.AcademicYear != null
                                 ? $"Academic Year {report.TermName}"
                                 : report.TermName;
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
                         });
                 });
 
-                page.Content().Table(table =>
+                page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                 {
                     table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                     {
@@ -396,18 +396,10 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
                     }
                 });
 
-                page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                {
-                    col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                    {
-                        x.Span("Page ");
-                        x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                        x.Span(" of ");
-                        x.TotalPages();
-                    });
-                });
+                AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer());
             });
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Scheduled clinical weeks for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -415,14 +407,19 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Report - Scheduled Clinical Weeks";
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Scheduled clinical weeks for {report.TermName}");
+
         var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Scheduled CLI Weeks");
         var showTotal = report.TermNames.Count > 1;
 
         // Header rows matching PDF (term is already in the column headers)
-        int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Merit & Promotion Report - Scheduled Clinical Weeks", null);
+        int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, null);
         row++; // blank separator
 
         // Column headers
+        int headerRow = row;
         int col = 1;
         ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "Instructor";
         foreach (var termName in report.TermNames)
@@ -435,6 +432,10 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
         }
         ws.Range($"{row}:{row}").Style.Font.Bold = true;
         ws.SheetView.FreezeRows(row);
+        // After the term loop, col is one past the last term column. The
+        // "AY Total" cell sits at col (no further increment) when showTotal,
+        // so the last filled column is col when showTotal else col - 1.
+        int totalCols = showTotal ? col : col - 1;
         row++;
         foreach (var instructor in report.Instructors)
         {
@@ -463,6 +464,13 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report)
             row++;
         }
 
+        if (row > headerRow + 1)
+        {
+            ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                ws.Range(headerRow, 1, row - 1, totalCols),
+                "ScheduledClinicalWeeks");
+        }
+
         ws.Columns().AdjustToContents();
 
         var stream = new MemoryStream();
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/DeptSummaryService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/DeptSummaryService.cs
index 0a414f08..33854b24 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/DeptSummaryService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/DeptSummaryService.cs
@@ -180,10 +180,9 @@ private static DeptSummaryDepartmentGroup BuildDepartmentGroup(
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(DeptSummaryReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Department Summary Report";
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 14;
         var fontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.FontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
         var headerFontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSize;
@@ -206,20 +205,20 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(DeptSummaryReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text("Department Summary Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                            row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -293,22 +292,13 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(DeptSummaryReport report)
                         }
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
-                            ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
+                        ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Department effort summary for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -316,23 +306,28 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(DeptSummaryReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(DeptSummaryReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Department Summary Report";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Department effort summary for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 1 + effortCols.Count;
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         foreach (var dept in report.Departments)
         {
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(dept.Department);
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Department Summary Report", termName, dept.Department);
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName, dept.Department);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                 ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
                 ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
             row++; // blank separator
 
             // Column headers
+            int headerRow = row;
             int col = 1;
             ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "Instructor";
             foreach (var (type, isSpacer) in effortCols)
@@ -356,6 +351,16 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(DeptSummaryReport report)
                 row++;
             }
 
+            // Promote the instructor rows (header + data) to a structured table so
+            // screen readers announce each instructor's effort columns by name.
+            // Summary rows (totals/faculty counts) intentionally sit outside.
+            if (row > headerRow + 1)
+            {
+                ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                    ws.Range(headerRow, 1, row - 1, lastCol),
+                    $"DeptSummary_{dept.Department}");
+            }
+
             // Re-display effort type headers before totals
             col = 1;
             ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "";
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/EvaluationReportService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/EvaluationReportService.cs
index 9cd7df43..c7bd4b00 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/EvaluationReportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/EvaluationReportService.cs
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ private EvalDetailReport BuildEvalDetailReport(EvalDetailReport report, List<Eva
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateSummaryPdfAsync(EvalSummaryReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
+        const string reportTitle = "Eval Summary Report";
 
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
@@ -517,21 +517,21 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateSummaryPdfAsync(EvalSummaryReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text("Eval Summary Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                            row.AutoItem().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.AutoItem().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                         col.Item().BorderBottom(1.5f).BorderColor(Colors.Black).PaddingBottom(3);
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -557,23 +557,14 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateSummaryPdfAsync(EvalSummaryReport report)
                         table.Cell().Background("#D0D0D0").PaddingVertical(2).AlignCenter().Text(dept.DepartmentAverage.ToString("F2")).Bold();
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment),
-                            ("Person", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()),
-                            ("Role", report.FilterRole));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment),
+                        ("Person", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()),
+                        ("Role", report.FilterRole));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Evaluation summary for {report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -584,7 +575,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateSummaryPdfAsync(EvalSummaryReport report)
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateDetailPdfAsync(EvalDetailReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
+        const string reportTitle = "Eval Detail Report";
 
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
@@ -599,21 +590,21 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateDetailPdfAsync(EvalDetailReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text("Eval Detail Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                            row.AutoItem().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.AutoItem().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                         col.Item().BorderBottom(1.5f).BorderColor(Colors.Black).PaddingBottom(3);
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -675,23 +666,14 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateDetailPdfAsync(EvalDetailReport report)
                         table.Cell().Background("#D0D0D0").PaddingVertical(2).Text("");
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment),
-                            ("Person", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()),
-                            ("Role", report.FilterRole));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment),
+                        ("Person", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()),
+                        ("Role", report.FilterRole));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Evaluation detail for {report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -699,14 +681,17 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateDetailPdfAsync(EvalDetailReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateEvalSummaryExcel(EvalSummaryReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Eval Summary Report";
         var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Evaluation summary for {termName}");
 
         foreach (var dept in report.Departments)
         {
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(dept.Department);
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Eval Summary Report", termName, dept.Department);
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName, dept.Department);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                 ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment),
                 ("Person", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()),
@@ -714,6 +699,7 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateEvalSummaryExcel(EvalSummaryReport report)
             row++; // blank separator
 
             // Column headers
+            int headerRow = row;
             ws.Cell(row, 1).Value = "Instructor";
             ws.Cell(row, 2).Value = "Average";
             ws.Range($"{row}:{row}").Style.Font.Bold = true;
@@ -728,6 +714,13 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateEvalSummaryExcel(EvalSummaryReport report)
                 row++;
             }
 
+            if (row > headerRow + 1)
+            {
+                ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                    ws.Range(headerRow, 1, row - 1, 2),
+                    $"EvalSummary_{dept.Department}");
+            }
+
             // Department average
             ws.Cell(row, 1).Value = "Department Average";
             ws.Cell(row, 1).Style.Font.Italic = true;
@@ -749,14 +742,17 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateEvalSummaryExcel(EvalSummaryReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateEvalDetailExcel(EvalDetailReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Eval Detail Report";
         var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Evaluation detail for {termName}");
 
         foreach (var dept in report.Departments)
         {
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(dept.Department);
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Eval Detail Report", termName, dept.Department);
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName, dept.Department);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                 ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment),
                 ("Person", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()),
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalEffortService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalEffortService.cs
index bbbb9a43..48c5fbfd 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalEffortService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalEffortService.cs
@@ -24,5 +24,10 @@ Task<ClinicalEffortReport> GetClinicalEffortReportAsync(
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ClinicalEffortReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a clinical effort report.
+    /// One worksheet per job group; instructor rows are promoted to a
+    /// structured Excel Table.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ClinicalEffortReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalScheduleService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalScheduleService.cs
index 750dcdfb..689d94d6 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalScheduleService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IClinicalScheduleService.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace Viper.Areas.Effort.Services;
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Service interface for the scheduled clinical weeks report.
+/// </summary>
 public interface IClinicalScheduleService
 {
     Task<ScheduledCliWeeksReport> GetScheduledCliWeeksReportAsync(
@@ -12,7 +15,16 @@ Task<ScheduledCliWeeksReport> GetScheduledCliWeeksReportByYearAsync(
         string academicYear,
         CancellationToken ct = default);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate a PDF document from a scheduled clinical weeks report.
+    /// Landscape for multi-term, portrait for single-term; instructor rows
+    /// list services per term cell.
+    /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a scheduled clinical weeks report.
+    /// Single worksheet, instructor rows promoted to a structured Excel Table.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(ScheduledCliWeeksReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IDeptSummaryService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IDeptSummaryService.cs
index da6df1a2..d4ce95c6 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IDeptSummaryService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IDeptSummaryService.cs
@@ -32,8 +32,16 @@ Task<DeptSummaryReport> GetDeptSummaryReportByYearAsync(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from a department summary report.
+    /// One landscape page per department; instructor effort columns followed
+    /// by department-totals and faculty-count summary rows.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(DeptSummaryReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a department summary report.
+    /// One worksheet per department; instructor rows are promoted to a
+    /// structured Excel Table while the totals/faculty-count rows stay
+    /// outside (their shape isn't uniform with the data rows).
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(DeptSummaryReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IEvaluationReportService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IEvaluationReportService.cs
index d1d8a9a5..d682ba37 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IEvaluationReportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IEvaluationReportService.cs
@@ -52,15 +52,30 @@ Task<EvalDetailReport> GetEvalDetailReportByYearAsync(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from an evaluation summary report.
+    /// One page per department, instructor weighted averages followed by a
+    /// department-average row.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateSummaryPdfAsync(EvalSummaryReport report);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from an evaluation detail report.
+    /// One landscape page per department, course-level rows per instructor
+    /// followed by instructor-average and department-average summary rows.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateDetailPdfAsync(EvalDetailReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from an evaluation summary report.
+    /// One worksheet per department; instructor rows are promoted to a
+    /// structured Excel Table while the department-average row stays outside.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateEvalSummaryExcel(EvalSummaryReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from an evaluation detail report.
+    /// One worksheet per department. Data isn't promoted to a structured
+    /// table because instructor-average and department-average rows
+    /// interleave the course detail rows.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateEvalDetailExcel(EvalDetailReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritMultiYearService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritMultiYearService.cs
index baba104f..a6ba5958 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritMultiYearService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritMultiYearService.cs
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ Task<MultiYearReport> GetMultiYearReportAsync(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from a multi-year report.
+    /// Two pages: merit activity then evaluations (or a summary fallback when
+    /// no per-course eval data exists).
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report);
 
@@ -33,5 +35,11 @@ Task<MultiYearReport> GetMultiYearReportAsync(
     /// </summary>
     Task<InstructorYearRangeDto?> GetInstructorYearRangeAsync(int personId, CancellationToken ct = default);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a multi-year report. Single worksheet
+    /// with merit and evaluation sections. Data rows aren't promoted to a
+    /// structured table because per-year header rows and summary rows
+    /// interleave the data.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(MultiYearReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritReportService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritReportService.cs
index b52def22..7bf901fa 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritReportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritReportService.cs
@@ -49,15 +49,30 @@ Task<MeritAverageReport> GetMeritAverageReportByYearAsync(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from a merit detail report.
+    /// One landscape page per department; courses listed per instructor with
+    /// instructor-totals and department-totals rows.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritDetailPdfAsync(MeritDetailReport report);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from a merit average report.
+    /// One legal-landscape page per (job group, department) pair; per-term
+    /// effort by instructor with totals/averages summary rows.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritAveragePdfAsync(MeritAverageReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a merit detail report. One worksheet
+    /// per department. Data isn't promoted to a structured table because
+    /// course rows are interleaved with instructor-totals and
+    /// department-totals rows.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateMeritDetailExcel(MeritDetailReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a merit average report. One worksheet
+    /// per (job group, department) pair. Per-term rows interleave with
+    /// instructor-totals so no structured table is built.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateMeritAverageExcel(MeritAverageReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritSummaryService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritSummaryService.cs
index 5d8bf261..8998d3d5 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritSummaryService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/IMeritSummaryService.cs
@@ -26,8 +26,15 @@ Task<MeritSummaryReport> GetMeritSummaryReportByYearAsync(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from a merit summary report.
+    /// One legal-landscape page per (job group, department) pair; each page
+    /// holds totals + faculty-count + averages rows.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MeritSummaryReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a merit summary report. One worksheet
+    /// per (job group, department) pair. Sheets are summary-only so no
+    /// structured table is built.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(MeritSummaryReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ISchoolSummaryService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ISchoolSummaryService.cs
index c6342491..0e76fddb 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ISchoolSummaryService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ISchoolSummaryService.cs
@@ -32,8 +32,17 @@ Task<SchoolSummaryReport> GetSchoolSummaryReportByYearAsync(
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Generate a PDF document from a school summary report.
+    /// Single landscape page; each department contributes a totals row + a
+    /// faculty-count row + a faculty-with-CLI/averages row, followed by
+    /// grand-total rows.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(SchoolSummaryReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a school summary report. Single
+    /// worksheet. Data isn't promoted to a structured table because each
+    /// department block emits totals + faculty-count + averages rows of
+    /// differing shape.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(SchoolSummaryReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ITeachingActivityService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ITeachingActivityService.cs
index 0e4ceee9..ed9f9499 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ITeachingActivityService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/ITeachingActivityService.cs
@@ -33,16 +33,30 @@ Task<TeachingActivityReport> GetTeachingActivityReportByYearAsync(
         CancellationToken ct = default);
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Generate a PDF document from a teaching activity report (grouped layout, one page per department).
+    /// Generate a PDF document from a teaching activity report
+    /// (grouped layout, one page per department).
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport report);
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Generate a PDF document from a teaching activity report in individual (per-instructor) layout.
+    /// Generate a PDF document from a teaching activity report in individual
+    /// (per-instructor) layout.
     /// </summary>
     Task<byte[]> GenerateIndividualReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a teaching activity report
+    /// (grouped layout, one worksheet per department). Instructor-totals
+    /// rows interleave the course rows so no single structured table is
+    /// built.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report);
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate an Excel workbook from a teaching activity report
+    /// (individual layout, one worksheet per instructor). Course rows are
+    /// promoted to a structured Excel Table; the instructor-totals row stays
+    /// outside it.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateIndividualReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report);
 }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritMultiYearService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritMultiYearService.cs
index f6396b89..c97a674c 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritMultiYearService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritMultiYearService.cs
@@ -896,8 +896,6 @@ private static decimal CalculateListMedian(List<decimal> sorted)
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var lastType = orderedTypes[^1];
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 10;
@@ -911,6 +909,8 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
             ? $"{report.StartYear}-{report.StartYear + 1} to {report.EndYear}-{report.EndYear + 1}"
             : $"{report.StartYear} to {report.EndYear}";
 
+        var reportTitle = $"Merit & Promotion Multi-Year Report \u2014 {report.Instructor}";
+
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
             // Page 1: Merit Activity
@@ -923,18 +923,18 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
 
                 page.Header().Column(col =>
                 {
-                    col.Item().Row(row =>
+                    col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                     {
                         row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                         row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                     });
                     col.Item().PaddingVertical(4)
-                        .Text($"Merit & Promotion Multi-Year Report \u2014 {report.Instructor}").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                        .SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                     var yearTypeLabel = report.UseAcademicYear ? "Academic Year" : "Calendar Year";
                     col.Item().Text($"{yearLabel} ({yearTypeLabel})").SemiBold().FontSize(10);
                 });
 
-                page.Content().PaddingTop(8).Table(table =>
+                page.Content().PaddingTop(8).SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                 {
                     table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                     {
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
                     }
                 });
 
-                page.Footer().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
+                page.Footer().SemanticIgnore().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
                 {
                     x.Span("Page ");
                     x.CurrentPageNumber();
@@ -1069,12 +1069,12 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
-                        col.Item().PaddingVertical(4).Text("Multi-Year Evaluation Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                        col.Item().PaddingVertical(4).SemanticHeader2().Text("Multi-Year Evaluation Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         col.Item().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text($"{report.Instructor} ({report.Department})").SemiBold().FontSize(10);
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
                     page.Content().PaddingTop(8).Column(contentCol =>
                     {
                         contentCol.Item().Text("Instructor").Bold();
-                        contentCol.Item().PaddingTop(4).Table(table =>
+                        contentCol.Item().PaddingTop(4).SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                         {
                             table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                             {
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
                         });
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
+                    page.Footer().SemanticIgnore().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
                     {
                         x.Span("Page ");
                         x.CurrentPageNumber();
@@ -1184,12 +1184,12 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
-                        col.Item().PaddingVertical(4).Text("Multi-Year Evaluation Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                        col.Item().PaddingVertical(4).SemanticHeader2().Text("Multi-Year Evaluation Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         col.Item().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text($"{report.Instructor} ({report.Department})").SemiBold().FontSize(10);
@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
                         });
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
+                    page.Footer().SemanticIgnore().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
                     {
                         x.Span("Page ");
                         x.CurrentPageNumber();
@@ -1232,7 +1232,8 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
                     });
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Multi-year merit and evaluation summary for {report.Instructor}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -1264,13 +1265,17 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MultiYearReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(MultiYearReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Report - Multi-Year";
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Multi-year merit and evaluation summary for {report.Instructor}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 4 + effortCols.Count;
         var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Multi-Year Report");
 
         // Report title header matching PDF
-        int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Merit & Promotion Report - Multi-Year", null);
+        int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, null);
 
         // Instructor/Department/Period info
         ws.Cell(row, 1).Value = "Instructor";
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritReportService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritReportService.cs
index f05a85f2..f3640c5d 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritReportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritReportService.cs
@@ -588,10 +588,10 @@ private async Task<List<MeritAverageRow>> ExecuteMeritAverageSpAsync(
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritDetailPdfAsync(MeritDetailReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Detail Report";
+
         // Compact when 12+ effort types: with fixed columns, non-compact overflows the page
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 11;
         var fontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.FontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
@@ -618,20 +618,20 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritDetailPdfAsync(MeritDetailReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text("Merit & Promotion Detail Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                            row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -715,32 +715,22 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritDetailPdfAsync(MeritDetailReport report)
                         }
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
-                            ("Faculty", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
+                        ("Faculty", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Merit and promotion detail for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritAveragePdfAsync(MeritAverageReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Average Report";
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 14;
         var fontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.FontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
         var headerFontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSize;
@@ -766,23 +756,23 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritAveragePdfAsync(MeritAverageReport report)
 
                         page.Header().Column(col =>
                         {
-                            col.Item().Row(row =>
+                            col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                             {
                                 row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                                 row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                             });
                             col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                             {
-                                row.RelativeItem().Text("Merit & Promotion Average Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                                row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                                row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                                row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                                 row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             });
-                            col.Item().Text(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription).SemiBold().FontSize(11);
+                            col.Item().SemanticHeader3().Text(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription).SemiBold().FontSize(11);
                         });
 
                         var totalColumns = (uint)(2 + orderedTypes.Count);
 
-                        page.Content().Table(table =>
+                        page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                         {
                             table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                             {
@@ -886,22 +876,13 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritAveragePdfAsync(MeritAverageReport report)
                             }
                         });
 
-                        page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                        {
-                            AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                                ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Faculty", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()));
-                            col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                            {
-                                x.Span("Page ");
-                                x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                                x.Span(" of ");
-                                x.TotalPages();
-                            });
-                        });
+                        AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Faculty", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()));
                     });
                 }
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Merit and promotion averages for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -909,17 +890,21 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateMeritAveragePdfAsync(MeritAverageReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateMeritDetailExcel(MeritDetailReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Detail Report";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Merit and promotion detail for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 2 + effortCols.Count;
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         foreach (var dept in report.Departments)
         {
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(dept.Department);
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Merit & Promotion Detail Report", termName, dept.Department);
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName, dept.Department);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                 ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
                 ("Faculty", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()));
@@ -1011,10 +996,14 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateMeritDetailExcel(MeritDetailReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateMeritAverageExcel(MeritAverageReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Average Report";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Merit and promotion averages for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 2 + effortCols.Count;
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         foreach (var jobGroup in report.JobGroups)
         {
@@ -1024,7 +1013,7 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateMeritAverageExcel(MeritAverageReport report)
                 var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(sheetName);
 
                 // Header rows matching PDF
-                int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Merit & Promotion Average Report",
+                int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle,
                     termName, dept.Department, jobGroup.JobGroupDescription);
                 row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                     ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Faculty", report.FilterPersonId?.ToString()));
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritSummaryService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritSummaryService.cs
index a7dda684..aa629cd0 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritSummaryService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/MeritSummaryService.cs
@@ -252,10 +252,9 @@ private async Task<List<MeritSummaryRow>> ExecuteMeritSummarySpAsync(
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MeritSummaryReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Summary Report";
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 14;
         var fontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.FontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
         var headerFontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSize;
@@ -279,21 +278,21 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MeritSummaryReport report)
 
                         page.Header().Column(col =>
                         {
-                            col.Item().Row(row =>
+                            col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                             {
                                 row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                                 row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                             });
                             col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                             {
-                                row.RelativeItem().Text("Merit & Promotion Summary Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                                row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                                row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                                row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                                 row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             });
-                            col.Item().Text(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription).SemiBold().FontSize(11);
+                            col.Item().SemanticHeader3().Text(jobGroup.JobGroupDescription).SemiBold().FontSize(11);
                         });
 
-                        page.Content().Table(table =>
+                        page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                         {
                             table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                             {
@@ -348,21 +347,12 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MeritSummaryReport report)
                                     .Text(val.ToString("F1")).Bold());
                         });
 
-                        page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                        {
-                            AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(), ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment));
-                            col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                            {
-                                x.Span("Page ");
-                                x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                                x.Span(" of ");
-                                x.TotalPages();
-                            });
-                        });
+                        AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(), ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment));
                     });
                 }
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Merit and promotion summary for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -370,10 +360,14 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(MeritSummaryReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(MeritSummaryReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Merit & Promotion Summary Report";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Merit and promotion summary for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 1 + effortCols.Count;
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         foreach (var jobGroup in report.JobGroups)
         {
@@ -383,7 +377,7 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(MeritSummaryReport report)
                 var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(sheetName);
 
                 // Header rows matching PDF
-                int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Merit & Promotion Summary Report",
+                int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle,
                     termName, dept.Department, jobGroup.JobGroupDescription);
                 row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row, ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment));
                 row++; // blank separator
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/SchoolSummaryService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/SchoolSummaryService.cs
index 5d9a8a28..decc0624 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/SchoolSummaryService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/SchoolSummaryService.cs
@@ -190,10 +190,9 @@ private static SchoolSummaryReport BuildReport(
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(SchoolSummaryReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "School Summary Report";
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 14;
         var fontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.FontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
         var headerFontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.HeaderFontSize;
@@ -216,19 +215,19 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(SchoolSummaryReport report)
 
                 page.Header().Column(col =>
                 {
-                    col.Item().Row(row =>
+                    col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                     {
                         row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                         row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                     });
                     col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                     {
-                        row.RelativeItem().Text("School Summary Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                        row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                     });
                 });
 
-                page.Content().Table(table =>
+                page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                 {
                     var totalColumns = (uint)(1 + orderedTypes.Count);
 
@@ -336,21 +335,12 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(SchoolSummaryReport report)
                     }
                 });
 
-                page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                {
-                    AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
-                        ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
-                    col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                    {
-                        x.Span("Page ");
-                        x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                        x.Span(" of ");
-                        x.TotalPages();
-                    });
-                });
+                AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                    ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
+                    ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
             });
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"School-wide effort summary for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -358,14 +348,18 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(SchoolSummaryReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(SchoolSummaryReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "School Summary Report";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"School-wide effort summary for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 1 + effortCols.Count;
         var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("School Summary");
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         // Header rows matching PDF
-        int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "School Summary Report", termName);
+        int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName);
         row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
             ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
             ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
diff --git a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/TeachingActivityService.cs b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/TeachingActivityService.cs
index 612b5946..fdae4b7e 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Effort/Services/TeachingActivityService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Effort/Services/TeachingActivityService.cs
@@ -209,10 +209,10 @@ private static TeachingActivityInstructorGroup BuildInstructorGroup(
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Teaching Activity Report";
+
         // Compact when 12+ effort types: with 6 fixed columns (Qtr, Role, Instructor,
         // Course, Units, Enroll), non-compact overflows the page at 12+ effort types
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 11;
@@ -242,20 +242,20 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport report)
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text("Teaching Activity Report").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
-                            row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().SemanticHeader2().Text(dept.Department).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -343,32 +343,23 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport report)
                         }
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
-                            ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
+                        ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Teaching activity by department for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
 
     public Task<byte[]> GenerateIndividualReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport report)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
 
+        const string reportTitle = "Teaching Activity Report (Individual)";
+
         // Compact when 12+ effort types: with fixed columns, non-compact overflows the page
         var compact = orderedTypes.Count > 11;
         var fontSize = compact ? ReportPdfSettings.FontSizeCompact : ReportPdfSettings.FontSize;
@@ -402,22 +393,22 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateIndividualReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport repo
 
                     page.Header().Column(col =>
                     {
-                        col.Item().Row(row =>
+                        col.Item().SemanticIgnore().Row(row =>
                         {
                             row.RelativeItem().Text("UCD School of Veterinary Medicine").Bold().FontSize(11);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(DateTime.Now.ToString("d MMMM yyyy")).Bold().FontSize(11);
                         });
                         col.Item().PaddingVertical(6).Row(row =>
                         {
-                            row.RelativeItem().Text("Teaching Activity Report (Individual)").SemiBold().FontSize(12);
+                            row.RelativeItem().SemanticHeader1().Text(reportTitle).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignCenter().Text(dept).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                             row.RelativeItem().AlignRight().Text(report.TermName).SemiBold().FontSize(12);
                         });
                         // Instructor name below the sub-header
-                        col.Item().PaddingBottom(4).Text(instructor.Instructor).Bold().FontSize(11);
+                        col.Item().PaddingBottom(4).SemanticHeader2().Text(instructor.Instructor).Bold().FontSize(11);
                     });
 
-                    page.Content().Table(table =>
+                    page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                     {
                         table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                         {
@@ -472,22 +463,13 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateIndividualReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport repo
                         }
                     });
 
-                    page.Footer().Column(col =>
-                    {
-                        AddPdfFilterLine(col.Item(),
-                            ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
-                            ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
-                        col.Item().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
-                        {
-                            x.Span("Page ");
-                            x.CurrentPageNumber();
-                            x.Span(" of ");
-                            x.TotalPages();
-                        });
-                    });
+                    AddPdfPageNumberFooter(page.Footer(),
+                        ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
+                        ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
                 });
             }
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(reportTitle, subject: $"Teaching activity by instructor for {report.TermName}");
 
         return Task.FromResult(document.GeneratePdf());
     }
@@ -495,17 +477,21 @@ public Task<byte[]> GenerateIndividualReportPdfAsync(TeachingActivityReport repo
     public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Teaching Activity Report";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Teaching activity by department for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 4 + effortCols.Count;
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         foreach (var dept in report.Departments)
         {
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(dept.Department);
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Teaching Activity Report", termName, dept.Department);
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName, dept.Department);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                 ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
                 ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
@@ -609,10 +595,14 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report)
     public MemoryStream GenerateIndividualReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report)
     {
         var wb = new XLWorkbook();
+        const string reportTitle = "Teaching Activity Report (Individual)";
+        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, reportTitle,
+            subject: $"Teaching activity by instructor for {termName}");
+
         var orderedTypes = GetOrderedEffortTypes(report.EffortTypes);
         var effortCols = BuildExcelEffortColumns(orderedTypes);
         var lastCol = 3 + effortCols.Count;
-        var termName = report.AcademicYear ?? report.TermName;
 
         var allInstructors = report.Departments
             .SelectMany(d => d.Instructors.Select(i => (Dept: d.Department, Instructor: i)))
@@ -629,14 +619,14 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateIndividualReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report)
             var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(sheetName);
 
             // Header rows matching PDF
-            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, "Teaching Activity Report (Individual)",
-                termName, dept, instructor.Instructor);
+            int row = AddExcelHeader(ws, reportTitle, termName, dept, instructor.Instructor);
             row = AddExcelFilterLine(ws, row,
                 ("Dept", report.FilterDepartment), ("Role", report.FilterRole),
                 ("Faculty", report.FilterPerson), ("Title", report.FilterTitle));
             row++; // blank separator
 
             // Column headers
+            int headerRow = row;
             int col = 1;
             ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "Course";
             ws.Cell(row, col++).Value = "Units";
@@ -664,6 +654,13 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateIndividualReportExcel(TeachingActivityReport report)
                 row++;
             }
 
+            if (row > headerRow + 1)
+            {
+                ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                    ws.Range(headerRow, 1, row - 1, lastCol),
+                    $"Teaching_{sheetName}");
+            }
+
             // Totals row
             col = 1;
             ws.Cell(row, col).Value = ExcelHelper.SanitizeStringCell($"{instructor.Instructor} Totals:");
diff --git a/web/Areas/Students/Services/EmergencyContactExportService.cs b/web/Areas/Students/Services/EmergencyContactExportService.cs
index da90e736..a48bd7b9 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Students/Services/EmergencyContactExportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Students/Services/EmergencyContactExportService.cs
@@ -7,11 +7,34 @@
 
 namespace Viper.Areas.Students.Services;
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Exports for the student emergency-contact app. Each report has a
+/// completeness-summary "overview" variant and a full-detail variant.
+/// </summary>
 public interface IEmergencyContactExportService
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate the overview Excel workbook — one row per student with
+    /// completeness counts for each contact category.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateOverviewExcel(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate the overview PDF — one row per student with completeness
+    /// counts for each contact category.
+    /// </summary>
     byte[] GenerateOverviewPdf(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate the full-detail Excel workbook — one row per student with
+    /// the formatted blocks for each contact category.
+    /// </summary>
     MemoryStream GenerateExcel(List<StudentContactReportDto> data);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generate the full-detail PDF — one row per student with formatted
+    /// blocks for each contact category.
+    /// </summary>
     byte[] GeneratePdf(List<StudentContactReportDto> data);
 }
 
@@ -23,7 +46,11 @@ private static string BuildGeneratedLabel(DateTime generatedAt) =>
     public MemoryStream GenerateOverviewExcel(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
     {
         using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
-        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Emergency Contact Overview");
+        const string title = "Emergency Contact Overview";
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, title,
+            subject: "Student emergency contact overview");
+
+        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(title);
 
         ws.Cell(1, 1).Value = BuildGeneratedLabel(DateTime.Now);
         ws.Cell(1, 1).Style.Font.Italic = true;
@@ -57,6 +84,13 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateOverviewExcel(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
             ws.Cell(row, 9).Value = d.LastUpdated?.ToString("M/d/yyyy") ?? "";
         }
 
+        if (data.Count > 0)
+        {
+            ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                ws.Range(2, 1, data.Count + 2, headers.Length),
+                "EmergencyContactOverview");
+        }
+
         ws.Columns().AdjustToContents();
 
         var stream = new MemoryStream();
@@ -67,10 +101,9 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateOverviewExcel(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
 
     public byte[] GenerateOverviewPdf(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         // Capture once so per-page header delegates don't drift across pages.
         var generatedLabel = BuildGeneratedLabel(DateTime.Now);
+        const string title = "Emergency Contact Overview";
 
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
@@ -82,13 +115,13 @@ public byte[] GenerateOverviewPdf(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
 
                 page.Header().Column(col =>
                 {
-                    col.Item().Text("Emergency Contact Overview")
+                    col.Item().SemanticHeader1().Text(title)
                         .SemiBold().FontSize(14).AlignCenter();
                     col.Item().Text(generatedLabel)
                         .FontSize(8).Italic().AlignCenter();
                 });
 
-                page.Content().Table(table =>
+                page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                 {
                     table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                     {
@@ -131,7 +164,7 @@ public byte[] GenerateOverviewPdf(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
                     }
                 });
 
-                page.Footer().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
+                page.Footer().SemanticIgnore().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
                 {
                     x.Span("Page ");
                     x.CurrentPageNumber();
@@ -139,7 +172,8 @@ public byte[] GenerateOverviewPdf(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
                     x.TotalPages();
                 });
             });
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(title, subject: "Student emergency contact overview");
 
         return document.GeneratePdf();
     }
@@ -147,7 +181,11 @@ public byte[] GenerateOverviewPdf(List<StudentContactListItemDto> data)
     public MemoryStream GenerateExcel(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
     {
         using var wb = new XLWorkbook();
-        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add("Emergency Contact Report");
+        const string title = "Emergency Contact Report";
+        ExcelAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wb, title,
+            subject: "Student emergency contact report");
+
+        var ws = wb.Worksheets.Add(title);
 
         ws.Cell(1, 1).Value = BuildGeneratedLabel(DateTime.Now);
         ws.Cell(1, 1).Style.Font.Italic = true;
@@ -177,6 +215,13 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateExcel(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
             ws.Cell(row, 6).Style.Alignment.WrapText = true;
         }
 
+        if (data.Count > 0)
+        {
+            ExcelAccessibilityHelper.PromoteToAccessibleTable(
+                ws.Range(2, 1, data.Count + 2, headers.Length),
+                "EmergencyContactReport");
+        }
+
         ws.Columns().AdjustToContents();
 
         var stream = new MemoryStream();
@@ -187,9 +232,8 @@ public MemoryStream GenerateExcel(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
 
     public byte[] GeneratePdf(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
     {
-        QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
-
         var generatedLabel = BuildGeneratedLabel(DateTime.Now);
+        const string title = "Emergency Contact Report";
 
         var document = Document.Create(container =>
         {
@@ -201,13 +245,13 @@ public byte[] GeneratePdf(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
 
                 page.Header().Column(col =>
                 {
-                    col.Item().Text("Emergency Contact Report")
+                    col.Item().SemanticHeader1().Text(title)
                         .SemiBold().FontSize(14).AlignCenter();
                     col.Item().Text(generatedLabel)
                         .FontSize(8).Italic().AlignCenter();
                 });
 
-                page.Content().Table(table =>
+                page.Content().SemanticTable().Table(table =>
                 {
                     table.ColumnsDefinition(columns =>
                     {
@@ -241,7 +285,7 @@ public byte[] GeneratePdf(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
                     }
                 });
 
-                page.Footer().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
+                page.Footer().SemanticIgnore().AlignCenter().Text(x =>
                 {
                     x.Span("Page ");
                     x.CurrentPageNumber();
@@ -249,7 +293,8 @@ public byte[] GeneratePdf(List<StudentContactReportDto> data)
                     x.TotalPages();
                 });
             });
-        });
+        })
+        .WithAccessibility(title, subject: "Student emergency contact report");
 
         return document.GeneratePdf();
     }
diff --git a/web/Areas/Students/Services/PhotoExportService.cs b/web/Areas/Students/Services/PhotoExportService.cs
index cf2012e9..6820c275 100644
--- a/web/Areas/Students/Services/PhotoExportService.cs
+++ b/web/Areas/Students/Services/PhotoExportService.cs
@@ -13,9 +13,22 @@
 
 namespace Viper.Areas.Students.Services
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Builds Word and PDF photo galleries for a class / course / student-group
+    /// selection.
+    /// </summary>
     public interface IPhotoExportService
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Export student photos to a Word document (.docx). Layout is either
+        /// the standard 6-up grid or, for grouped exports, a 3-up large layout.
+        /// </summary>
         Task<PhotoExportResult?> ExportToWordAsync(PhotoExportRequest request);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Export student photos to a PDF. Layout matches the Word variant.
+        /// Returns null when no students match the request.
+        /// </summary>
         Task<PhotoExportResult?> ExportToPdfAsync(PhotoExportRequest request);
     }
 
@@ -86,6 +99,11 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                 var layout = GetLayoutConfiguration(request);
                 var useLargeLayout = ShouldUseLargeLayout(request);
 
+                // Resolve title up-front so the same string is used for both core
+                // properties and the visible H1 paragraph.
+                var titleLines = (await GetExportTitleAsync(request)).Split('\n');
+                var documentTitle = titleLines[0];
+
                 using var stream = new MemoryStream();
                 using (var wordDocument = WordprocessingDocument.Create(stream, WordprocessingDocumentType.Document))
                 {
@@ -93,24 +111,29 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                     mainPart.Document = new WordDocument();
                     var body = mainPart.Document.AppendChild(new Body());
 
+                    WordAccessibilityHelper.EnsureAccessibilityStyles(mainPart);
+                    WordAccessibilityHelper.SetCoreProperties(wordDocument, documentTitle, subject: "Student photo gallery export");
+
                     // Only show title and date for non-group exports
                     if (!useLargeLayout)
                     {
-                        var titleLines = (await GetExportTitleAsync(request)).Split('\n');
-
-                        var titleParagraph = body.AppendChild(new Paragraph());
-                        var titleRun = titleParagraph.AppendChild(new Run());
-                        titleRun.AppendChild(new Text(titleLines[0]));
-
-                        var titleProps = titleRun.PrependChild(new RunProperties());
-                        titleProps.AppendChild(new Bold());
-                        titleProps.AppendChild(new FontSize() { Val = "32" });
+                        body.AppendChild(WordAccessibilityHelper.CreateHeadingParagraph(
+                            documentTitle, WordAccessibilityHelper.TitleStyleId));
 
-                        // Add export date on new line with smaller font
+                        // Date subtitle is regular body text, not a heading — keeps the
+                        // outline a single H1 instead of two competing top-level entries.
                         if (titleLines.Length > 1)
                         {
-                            titleRun.AppendChild(new Break());
-                            var dateRun = titleParagraph.AppendChild(new Run());
+                            var dateParagraph = body.AppendChild(new Paragraph());
+                            // Tight spacing keeps the date hugging the title like the
+                            // original soft-break version before the H1 split.
+                            var dateParaProps = dateParagraph.AppendChild(new ParagraphProperties());
+                            dateParaProps.AppendChild(new SpacingBetweenLines
+                            {
+                                Before = "0",
+                                After = "0",
+                            });
+                            var dateRun = dateParagraph.AppendChild(new Run());
                             dateRun.AppendChild(new Text(titleLines[1]));
                             var dateProps = dateRun.PrependChild(new RunProperties());
                             dateProps.AppendChild(new FontSize() { Val = "16" });
@@ -148,12 +171,9 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                 // Add group header with student range numbering
                                 if (ShouldShowGroupHeaders(groupedStudents))
                                 {
-                                    var groupHeaderPara = body.AppendChild(new Paragraph());
-                                    var groupHeaderRun = groupHeaderPara.AppendChild(new Run());
-                                    groupHeaderRun.AppendChild(new Text($"{group.Key} ({chunkStart + 1}-{chunkEnd})"));
-                                    var groupHeaderProps = groupHeaderRun.PrependChild(new RunProperties());
-                                    groupHeaderProps.AppendChild(new Bold());
-                                    groupHeaderProps.AppendChild(new FontSize() { Val = "24" });
+                                    body.AppendChild(WordAccessibilityHelper.CreateHeadingParagraph(
+                                        $"{group.Key} ({chunkStart + 1}-{chunkEnd})",
+                                        WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading2StyleId));
                                 }
 
                                 // Create a borderless table for this chunk
@@ -194,17 +214,33 @@ public PhotoExportService(
 
                                             imageId++; // Increment before use to avoid duplicate IDs
 
+                                            // Alt text follows the rule from PLAN-Word-PDF-WCAG.md:
+                                            // photos that convey identity get the student's displayed name.
+                                            var altText = $"Photo of {student.GroupExportName}";
+
+                                            var wpDocProps = new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.DocProperties()
+                                            {
+                                                Id = (UInt32Value)imageId,
+                                                Name = $"Photo{imageId}"
+                                            };
+                                            var picNonVisualProps = new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualDrawingProperties()
+                                            {
+                                                Id = (UInt32Value)imageId,
+                                                Name = $"Photo{imageId}.jpg"
+                                            };
+                                            WordAccessibilityHelper.SetImageAltText(wpDocProps, picNonVisualProps, altText);
+
                                             var inline = new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.Inline(
                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.Extent() { Cx = layout.Width, Cy = layout.Height },
                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.EffectExtent() { LeftEdge = 0L, TopEdge = 0L, RightEdge = 0L, BottomEdge = 0L },
-                                                new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.DocProperties() { Id = (UInt32Value)imageId, Name = $"Photo{imageId}" },
+                                                wpDocProps,
                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.NonVisualGraphicFrameDrawingProperties(
                                                     new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.GraphicFrameLocks() { NoChangeAspect = true }),
                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Graphic(
                                                     new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.GraphicData(
                                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.Picture(
                                                             new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualPictureProperties(
-                                                                new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualDrawingProperties() { Id = (UInt32Value)imageId, Name = $"Photo{imageId}.jpg" },
+                                                                picNonVisualProps,
                                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties()),
                                                             new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.BlipFill(
                                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Blip() { Embed = mainPart.GetIdOfPart(imagePart) },
@@ -256,16 +292,9 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                         // Add group header if there are multiple groups
                         if (ShouldShowGroupHeaders(groupedStudents))
                         {
-                            var groupHeaderPara = body.AppendChild(new Paragraph());
-                            var groupHeaderRun = groupHeaderPara.AppendChild(new Run());
-
-                            // Show count in parentheses
-                            var headerText = GetGroupHeaderText(group.Key, groupStudents.Count);
-                            groupHeaderRun.AppendChild(new Text(headerText));
-
-                            var groupHeaderProps = groupHeaderRun.PrependChild(new RunProperties());
-                            groupHeaderProps.AppendChild(new Bold());
-                            groupHeaderProps.AppendChild(new FontSize() { Val = "24" });
+                            body.AppendChild(WordAccessibilityHelper.CreateHeadingParagraph(
+                                GetGroupHeaderText(group.Key, groupStudents.Count),
+                                WordAccessibilityHelper.Heading2StyleId));
                         }
 
                         // Create a borderless table for this group
@@ -305,17 +334,32 @@ public PhotoExportService(
 
                                     imageId++; // Increment before use to avoid duplicate IDs
 
+                                    var displayedName = useLargeLayout ? student.GroupExportName : student.FullName;
+                                    var altText = $"Photo of {displayedName}";
+
+                                    var wpDocProps = new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.DocProperties()
+                                    {
+                                        Id = (UInt32Value)imageId,
+                                        Name = $"Photo{imageId}"
+                                    };
+                                    var picNonVisualProps = new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualDrawingProperties()
+                                    {
+                                        Id = (UInt32Value)imageId,
+                                        Name = $"Photo{imageId}.jpg"
+                                    };
+                                    WordAccessibilityHelper.SetImageAltText(wpDocProps, picNonVisualProps, altText);
+
                                     var inline = new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.Inline(
                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.Extent() { Cx = layout.Width, Cy = layout.Height },
                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.EffectExtent() { LeftEdge = 0L, TopEdge = 0L, RightEdge = 0L, BottomEdge = 0L },
-                                        new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.DocProperties() { Id = (UInt32Value)imageId, Name = $"Photo{imageId}" },
+                                        wpDocProps,
                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.NonVisualGraphicFrameDrawingProperties(
                                             new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.GraphicFrameLocks() { NoChangeAspect = true }),
                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Graphic(
                                             new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.GraphicData(
                                                 new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.Picture(
                                                     new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualPictureProperties(
-                                                        new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualDrawingProperties() { Id = (UInt32Value)imageId, Name = $"Photo{imageId}.jpg" },
+                                                        picNonVisualProps,
                                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualPictureDrawingProperties()),
                                                     new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.BlipFill(
                                                         new DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Blip() { Embed = mainPart.GetIdOfPart(imagePart) },
@@ -433,8 +477,7 @@ public PhotoExportService(
 
                 // Fetch title before entering QuestPDF builder to avoid async void lambda
                 var titleLines = (await GetExportTitleAsync(request)).Split('\n');
-
-                QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
+                var documentTitle = titleLines[0];
 
                 const int studentsPerPage = 9; // For large layouts: 3 rows × 3 students
 
@@ -466,11 +509,14 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                     page.Header()
                                         .Column(column =>
                                         {
-                                            // Add group header with student range numbering
+                                            // Large layout intentionally has no on-page H1 — the
+                                            // document title is exposed via core properties (see
+                                            // WithAccessibility below) and the visual design has
+                                            // never shown a title for grouped photo sheets.
                                             if (ShouldShowGroupHeaders(groupedStudents))
                                             {
                                                 var headerText = $"{group.Key} ({chunkStart + 1}-{chunkEnd})";
-                                                column.Item().Text(headerText)
+                                                column.Item().SemanticHeader2().Text(headerText)
                                                     .SemiBold()
                                                     .FontSize(16)
                                                     .FontColor(Colors.Black);
@@ -504,7 +550,9 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                                             // Add photo from cache with explicit dimensions
                                                             if (photoCache.TryGetValue(student.MailId, out var photoBytes))
                                                             {
-                                                                innerColumn.Item().Width(1.74f, Unit.Inch).Height(2.26f, Unit.Inch).Image(photoBytes);
+                                                                innerColumn.Item()
+                                                                    .SemanticImage($"Photo of {student.GroupExportName}")
+                                                                    .Width(1.74f, Unit.Inch).Height(2.26f, Unit.Inch).Image(photoBytes);
                                                             }
 
                                                             // Show student name (centered)
@@ -523,6 +571,7 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                         });
 
                                     page.Footer()
+                                        .SemanticIgnore()
                                         .AlignCenter()
                                         .Text(x =>
                                         {
@@ -552,7 +601,7 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                         // Only show title and date for non-group exports
                                         if (!useLargeLayout)
                                         {
-                                            column.Item().Text(titleLines[0])
+                                            column.Item().SemanticHeader1().Text(titleLines[0])
                                                 .SemiBold()
                                                 .FontSize(20)
                                                 .FontColor(Colors.Black);
@@ -569,7 +618,7 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                         if (ShouldShowGroupHeaders(groupedStudents))
                                         {
                                             var headerText = GetGroupHeaderText(group.Key, groupStudents.Count);
-                                            column.Item().PaddingTop(useLargeLayout ? 0 : 10).Text(headerText)
+                                            column.Item().PaddingTop(useLargeLayout ? 0 : 10).SemanticHeader2().Text(headerText)
                                                 .SemiBold()
                                                 .FontSize(16)
                                                 .FontColor(Colors.Black);
@@ -603,15 +652,20 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                                         // Add photo from cache with explicit dimensions based on layout
                                                         if (photoCache.TryGetValue(student.MailId, out var photoBytes))
                                                         {
+                                                            var displayedName = useLargeLayout ? student.GroupExportName : student.FullName;
+                                                            var altText = $"Photo of {displayedName}";
+
                                                             if (useLargeLayout)
                                                             {
                                                                 // Large layout: 1.74" x 2.26"
-                                                                innerColumn.Item().Width(1.74f, Unit.Inch).Height(2.26f, Unit.Inch).Image(photoBytes);
+                                                                innerColumn.Item().SemanticImage(altText)
+                                                                    .Width(1.74f, Unit.Inch).Height(2.26f, Unit.Inch).Image(photoBytes);
                                                             }
                                                             else
                                                             {
                                                                 // Standard layout: 0.69" x 0.92"
-                                                                innerColumn.Item().Width(0.69f, Unit.Inch).Height(0.92f, Unit.Inch).Image(photoBytes);
+                                                                innerColumn.Item().SemanticImage(altText)
+                                                                    .Width(0.69f, Unit.Inch).Height(0.92f, Unit.Inch).Image(photoBytes);
                                                             }
                                                         }
 
@@ -642,6 +696,7 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                                     });
 
                                 page.Footer()
+                                    .SemanticIgnore()
                                     .AlignCenter()
                                     .Text(x =>
                                     {
@@ -653,7 +708,8 @@ public PhotoExportService(
                             });
                         }
                     }
-                });
+                })
+                .WithAccessibility(documentTitle, subject: "Student photo gallery export");
 
                 var pdfBytes = document.GeneratePdf();
 
diff --git a/web/Classes/Utilities/ExcelAccessibilityHelper.cs b/web/Classes/Utilities/ExcelAccessibilityHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60c28660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/Classes/Utilities/ExcelAccessibilityHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using ClosedXML.Excel;
+
+namespace Viper.Classes.Utilities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// ClosedXML helpers for the structural accessibility features Excel's
+/// Accessibility Checker expects: workbook core properties, structured
+/// Excel Tables (so screen readers announce column headers), and image
+/// alt text. Pair with <see cref="ExcelHelper.SanitizeSheetName"/> for
+/// worksheet naming. There is no PDF/UA-equivalent ISO standard for
+/// spreadsheets, but the Microsoft checker is the de-facto target for
+/// WCAG-derived guidance.
+/// </summary>
+public static partial class ExcelAccessibilityHelper
+{
+    public const string DefaultAuthor = "UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine";
+    public const string DefaultLanguage = "en-US";
+
+    [GeneratedRegex(@"[^A-Za-z0-9_]")]
+    private static partial Regex InvalidTableNameCharsRegex();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set the workbook properties Excel reads for accessibility checks
+    /// and the title bar (Title, Subject, Author).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void SetCoreProperties(
+        XLWorkbook workbook,
+        string title,
+        string? subject = null,
+        string author = DefaultAuthor)
+    {
+        var props = workbook.Properties;
+        props.Title = title;
+        props.Subject = subject ?? title;
+        props.Author = author;
+        props.Created = DateTime.Now;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Promote a data range (column-header row + body rows) to a structured
+    /// Excel Table. This is what makes assistive tech announce row data in
+    /// terms of column-header labels — without it, a worksheet is just a
+    /// bag of cells.
+    /// <para>
+    /// Excel requires table names that start with a letter / underscore
+    /// and contain only letters, digits, and underscores. Table names must
+    /// also be unique within the workbook; pass a sheet-derived suffix
+    /// (e.g. the worksheet name) if calling on multiple sheets.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    public static IXLTable PromoteToAccessibleTable(IXLRange range, string tableName)
+    {
+        var safeName = SanitizeTableName(tableName);
+        var table = range.CreateTable(safeName);
+        // Default table style adds banded rows and a styled header row, which
+        // also satisfies the visual-distinction requirement.
+        table.Theme = XLTableTheme.TableStyleLight1;
+        table.ShowAutoFilter = false;
+        return table;
+    }
+
+    private static string SanitizeTableName(string raw)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(raw))
+        {
+            return "Table1";
+        }
+
+        var cleaned = InvalidTableNameCharsRegex().Replace(raw, "_");
+        if (!char.IsLetter(cleaned[0]) && cleaned[0] != '_')
+        {
+            cleaned = "T_" + cleaned;
+        }
+
+        // Excel caps table names at 255 characters.
+        return cleaned.Length > 255 ? cleaned[..255] : cleaned;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/web/Classes/Utilities/PdfAccessibilityHelper.cs b/web/Classes/Utilities/PdfAccessibilityHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54b13db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/Classes/Utilities/PdfAccessibilityHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using QuestPDF.Fluent;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace Viper.Classes.Utilities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// QuestPDF accessibility defaults. Centralizes PDF/UA conformance and document
+/// metadata so every report PDF gets consistent tagging and core properties.
+/// The QuestPDF Community licence is configured once at application startup
+/// (see <c>Program.cs</c>); this helper does not touch global settings.
+/// Pair with <see cref="QuestPDF.Fluent.SemanticExtensions"/> calls inside the
+/// document body (SemanticHeader1, SemanticImage, SemanticIgnore, etc.) to
+/// satisfy WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / PDF-UA-1 expectations.
+/// </summary>
+public static class PdfAccessibilityHelper
+{
+    public const string DefaultAuthor = "UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine";
+    public const string DefaultLanguage = "en-US";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Apply document metadata and PDF/UA conformance to a QuestPDF document
+    /// in one call.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="document">Result of <c>Document.Create(...)</c>.</param>
+    /// <param name="title">Document title — surfaces in the PDF reader title bar and is required for PDF/UA.</param>
+    /// <param name="subject">Optional subject / brief description.</param>
+    /// <param name="keywords">Optional comma-separated keyword list.</param>
+    /// <param name="author">Defaults to <see cref="DefaultAuthor"/>.</param>
+    /// <param name="language">BCP-47 / ISO 639 language tag. Defaults to <see cref="DefaultLanguage"/>.</param>
+    public static Document WithAccessibility(
+        this Document document,
+        string title,
+        string? subject = null,
+        string? keywords = null,
+        string author = DefaultAuthor,
+        string language = DefaultLanguage)
+    {
+        var now = DateTimeOffset.Now;
+
+        return document
+            .WithMetadata(new DocumentMetadata
+            {
+                Title = title,
+                Author = author,
+                Subject = subject ?? title,
+                Keywords = keywords ?? string.Empty,
+                Language = language,
+                CreationDate = now,
+                ModifiedDate = now
+            })
+            .WithSettings(new DocumentSettings
+            {
+                PDFUA_Conformance = PDFUA_Conformance.PDFUA_1
+            });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/web/Classes/Utilities/WordAccessibilityHelper.cs b/web/Classes/Utilities/WordAccessibilityHelper.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51aeddda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/Classes/Utilities/WordAccessibilityHelper.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+using DocumentFormat.OpenXml;
+using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging;
+using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Wordprocessing;
+using DrawingNonVisualPicture = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Pictures.NonVisualDrawingProperties;
+using DrawingDocProperties = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Drawing.Wordprocessing.DocProperties;
+
+namespace Viper.Classes.Utilities;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// OpenXML helpers that add the structural accessibility features assistive
+/// technology expects in tagged Word documents — heading styles, image alt
+/// text, table-header rows, document language, and core file properties.
+/// Pair these with the existing OpenXML calls in *ExportService.cs files to
+/// satisfy WCAG 2.1 SC 1.3.1 / Word Accessibility Checker expectations.
+/// </summary>
+#pragma warning disable S3220 // OpenXML SDK uses params overloads by design for fluent object construction
+public static class WordAccessibilityHelper
+{
+    public const string DefaultLanguage = "en-US";
+    public const string DefaultCreator = "UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Built-in Word style identifier for the document title.
+    /// </summary>
+    public const string TitleStyleId = "Title";
+
+    /// <summary>Built-in Word style identifier for first-level heading.</summary>
+    public const string Heading1StyleId = "Heading1";
+
+    /// <summary>Built-in Word style identifier for second-level heading.</summary>
+    public const string Heading2StyleId = "Heading2";
+
+    /// <summary>Built-in Word style identifier for third-level heading.</summary>
+    public const string Heading3StyleId = "Heading3";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Add a styles part containing the heading and title style definitions
+    /// the document references. Without this, paragraphs that point to
+    /// "Heading1" / "Title" via <see cref="ParagraphStyleId"/> are treated
+    /// as Normal by Word — defeating the structural intent.
+    /// Also sets the default document language so screen readers pronounce
+    /// content correctly.
+    /// Intended for documents being built fresh; this overwrites any existing
+    /// <see cref="DocDefaults"/> and is not safe to call on a template-derived
+    /// document.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void EnsureAccessibilityStyles(
+        MainDocumentPart mainPart,
+        string language = DefaultLanguage)
+    {
+        var stylesPart = mainPart.StyleDefinitionsPart
+            ?? mainPart.AddNewPart<StyleDefinitionsPart>();
+
+        // Reuse the existing Styles tree when present. Reassigning
+        // stylesPart.Styles to a tree that's already attached throws on
+        // some OpenXML SDK versions; only set it on a fresh part.
+        var existingStyles = stylesPart.Styles;
+        var styles = existingStyles ?? new Styles();
+
+        // Document defaults — sets baseline language for the whole document.
+        var docDefaults = new DocDefaults(
+            new RunPropertiesDefault(
+                new RunPropertiesBaseStyle(
+                    new Languages { Val = language }
+                )
+            ),
+            new ParagraphPropertiesDefault(
+                new ParagraphPropertiesBaseStyle()
+            )
+        );
+
+        styles.RemoveAllChildren<DocDefaults>();
+        styles.AppendChild(docDefaults);
+
+        AddStyleIfMissing(styles, TitleStyleId, "Title",
+            fontSize: "40", bold: true);
+        AddStyleIfMissing(styles, Heading1StyleId, "Heading 1",
+            fontSize: "32", bold: true, outlineLevel: 0);
+        AddStyleIfMissing(styles, Heading2StyleId, "Heading 2",
+            fontSize: "26", bold: true, outlineLevel: 1);
+        AddStyleIfMissing(styles, Heading3StyleId, "Heading 3",
+            fontSize: "22", bold: true, outlineLevel: 2);
+
+        if (existingStyles is null)
+        {
+            stylesPart.Styles = styles;
+        }
+        styles.Save(stylesPart);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set the core document properties Word reads for accessibility checks
+    /// and the title bar (Title, Subject, Creator, Language).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void SetCoreProperties(
+        WordprocessingDocument document,
+        string title,
+        string? subject = null,
+        string creator = DefaultCreator,
+        string language = DefaultLanguage)
+    {
+        var corePart = document.PackageProperties;
+        corePart.Title = title;
+        corePart.Subject = subject ?? title;
+        corePart.Creator = creator;
+        corePart.Language = language;
+        corePart.Created = DateTime.Now;
+        corePart.Modified = DateTime.Now;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Build a paragraph that uses a built-in heading style.
+    /// Pass one of the <c>*StyleId</c> constants on this class.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static Paragraph CreateHeadingParagraph(string text, string styleId)
+    {
+        var paragraph = new Paragraph();
+
+        var paragraphProperties = new ParagraphProperties(
+            new ParagraphStyleId { Val = styleId }
+        );
+        paragraph.AppendChild(paragraphProperties);
+
+        var run = paragraph.AppendChild(new Run());
+        run.AppendChild(new Text(text));
+
+        return paragraph;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Set descriptive alt text on an inline drawing.
+    /// <para>
+    /// <paramref name="description"/> is the long alt text — Word reads
+    /// <see cref="DrawingDocProperties.Description"/> as the primary
+    /// accessibility label, and the underlying picture's
+    /// <see cref="DrawingNonVisualPicture.Description"/> is also set so
+    /// downstream PDF-conversion paths (e.g. Word → Save As PDF) carry the
+    /// alt text into the tagged PDF.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// <paramref name="title"/> is the optional short label. Office 2019+
+    /// distinguishes Title from Description, and the accessibility checker
+    /// flags identical Title + Description as a warning. Pass a Title only
+    /// when it adds information beyond <paramref name="description"/>;
+    /// otherwise leave it null.
+    /// </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void SetImageAltText(
+        DrawingDocProperties wpDocProperties,
+        DrawingNonVisualPicture pictureProperties,
+        string description,
+        string? title = null)
+    {
+        wpDocProperties.Description = description;
+        pictureProperties.Description = description;
+
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(title))
+        {
+            wpDocProperties.Title = title;
+            pictureProperties.Title = title;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Mark a table row as a header row that repeats on each page break.
+    /// Screen readers announce subsequent data rows in terms of the labels
+    /// in marked header rows. Apply only to data tables — never to layout
+    /// tables (e.g. photo grids).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void MarkAsTableHeaderRow(TableRow row)
+    {
+        var rowProperties = row.Elements<TableRowProperties>().FirstOrDefault();
+        if (rowProperties == null)
+        {
+            rowProperties = new TableRowProperties();
+            row.PrependChild(rowProperties);
+        }
+
+        if (!rowProperties.Elements<TableHeader>().Any())
+        {
+            rowProperties.AppendChild(new TableHeader());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void AddStyleIfMissing(Styles styles, string styleId,
+        string styleName, string fontSize, bool bold,
+        int? outlineLevel = null)
+    {
+        if (styles.Elements<Style>().Any(s => s.StyleId?.Value == styleId))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var style = new Style
+        {
+            Type = StyleValues.Paragraph,
+            StyleId = styleId,
+            CustomStyle = false,
+            Default = false
+        };
+
+        style.AppendChild(new StyleName { Val = styleName });
+        style.AppendChild(new BasedOn { Val = "Normal" });
+        style.AppendChild(new NextParagraphStyle { Val = "Normal" });
+        style.AppendChild(new PrimaryStyle());
+
+        var paragraphProperties = new StyleParagraphProperties();
+        if (outlineLevel.HasValue)
+        {
+            paragraphProperties.AppendChild(new OutlineLevel { Val = outlineLevel.Value });
+        }
+        style.AppendChild(paragraphProperties);
+
+        var runProperties = new StyleRunProperties();
+        if (bold)
+        {
+            runProperties.AppendChild(new Bold());
+            runProperties.AppendChild(new BoldComplexScript());
+        }
+        runProperties.AppendChild(new FontSize { Val = fontSize });
+        runProperties.AppendChild(new FontSizeComplexScript { Val = fontSize });
+        style.AppendChild(runProperties);
+
+        styles.AppendChild(style);
+    }
+}
+#pragma warning restore S3220
diff --git a/web/Program.cs b/web/Program.cs
index f76f330b..9c3f1410 100644
--- a/web/Program.cs
+++ b/web/Program.cs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 using Polly;
 using Polly.Extensions.Http;
 using Polly.Timeout;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Security.Claims;
 using System.Xml.Linq;
@@ -42,6 +43,10 @@
 var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
 string awsCredentialsFilePath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\awscredentials.xml";
 
+// Configure QuestPDF for the whole process. Must run before any export
+// service generates a PDF; assigning at startup covers every export.
+QuestPDF.Settings.License = LicenseType.Community;
+
 // Early init of NLog to allow startup and exception logging, before host is built
 var logger = NLog.LogManager.Setup().LoadConfigurationFromAppSettings().GetCurrentClassLogger();