Smart Drone Hangar

An IoT embedded system implementing a smart hangar for drones, composed of an Arduino-based controller and a Java-based remote control unit.

Assignment #02 - Embedded Systems & IoT

This project realizes a "Smart Drone Hangar" system that automates the storage, takeoff, and landing procedures of a drone. It features intelligent environmental monitoring, sensor-based presence detection, and a graphical remote control interface on the PC.

📋 Project Overview

• Architecture: Distributed Master-Slave System.
  • Drone Hangar (Arduino): The embedded controller (Slave) handling sensors, actuators, and the system's Finite State Machine (FSM). Implemented using a Super-Loop with Cooperative Multitasking (Scheduler) and Object-Oriented C++.
  • Drone Remote Unit (Java PC): A GUI-based application (Master) representing the drone/operator, communicating via serial line.
• Key Features:
  • Automated Access: Servo-controlled hangar door responding to Takeoff/Landing requests.
  • Sensor Fusion: Uses PIR (Presence) and Sonar (Distance) to validate drone movements.
  • Safety Monitoring: Multi-stage temperature alarm system (Pre-Alarm and Critical Alarm) to prevent overheating.
  • Remote Telemetry: Real-time visualization of system state, temperature, and distance on the PC.

📂 Repository Structure

The repository is organized as follows:

• drone-hangar/: Source code of the Arduino-based subsystem.
• drone-remote-unit/: Source code of the PC-based part.
• doc/: Documentation including:
  • A brief report describing the solution.
  • FSM diagrams.
  • Breadboard/Schema representation (TinkerCad/Fritzing).
  • Demonstration video (or link).

📚 Libraries Used

Arduino (Drone Hangar)

• LiquidCrystal_I2C - For controlling the 16x2 LCD via I2C.
• Servo - For controlling the hangar door servomotor.
• EnableInterrupt - For handling pin change interrupts on the reset button.
• Arduino.h - Core Arduino framework.

Java (Drone Remote Unit)

• Java Swing - Native Graphical User Interface.
• JSSC (Java Simple Serial Connector) - For robust serial communication with the Arduino unit.
• SLF4J - Simple Logging Facade for Java.

🛠️ Hardware Requirements

• Microcontroller: 1x Arduino Uno (or compatible board)
• Actuators:
  • 1x Servo Motor (SG90 or similar) - Hangar Door
• Sensors:
  • 1x PIR Motion Sensor (Drone Presence Detector - DPD)
  • 1x Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 (Drone Distance Detector - DDD)
  • 1x Analog Temperature Sensor (e.g., TMP36 or LM35)
• Interface:
  • 1x LCD Display (16x2 with I2C)
  • 2x Green LEDs (Status L1, L2)
  • 1x Red LED (Alarm L3)
  • 1x Tactile Button (Reset)
• Power & Misc: Resistors (220Ω for LEDs, 10kΩ for Buttons), Breadboard, Jumper Wires.

🔌 Wiring Map

Component	Arduino Pin	Note
L1 LED (Green)	Digital 11	Indicates "Drone Inside" / Idle
L2 LED (Green)	Digital 12	Blinks during Takeoff/Landing
L3 LED (Red)	Digital 13	Alarm Indicator
Reset Button	Digital 7	Input (Interrupt) to reset Alarm
PIR Sensor	Digital 2	Landing detection
Servo Motor	Digital 6	Hangar Door control
Sonar Trigger	Digital 9	Distance measurement
Sonar Echo	Digital 8	Distance measurement
Temp Sensor	Analog A0	Environmental monitoring
LCD SDA	Analog A4	I2C Data
LCD SCL	Analog A5	I2C Clock

🔌 Communication Protocol

The system uses a text-based serial protocol to synchronize the PC and Arduino.

Direction	Message	Function
PC ➔ Arduino	TAKE OFF	Request Hangar to open for takeoff
PC ➔ Arduino	LANDING	Request Hangar to open for landing
Arduino ➔ PC	DRONE INSIDE	Event: Drone safely inside / Rest state
Arduino ➔ PC	TAKE OFF	Event: Door open, waiting for departure
Arduino ➔ PC	DRONE OUT	Event: Drone has left the detection zone
Arduino ➔ PC	LANDING	Event: Door open, waiting for arrival
Arduino ➔ PC	PRE ALARM	Warning: High temperature, operations suspended
Arduino ➔ PC	ALARM	Critical: Max temperature, system locked
Arduino ➔ PC	NORMAL	Info: Temperature returned to safe levels
Arduino ➔ PC	DIST:xx.xx	Telemetry: Current sonar distance (cm)
Arduino ➔ PC	TEMP:xx.xx	Telemetry: Current temperature (°C)

🎮 How to Use & System Behavior

1. Setup: Connect the Arduino to the PC via USB. Ensure the correct port is configured in the Java application (default COM6).
2. Start: Launch the Java application. The GUI will connect to the Arduino.
   • Arduino State: IDLE. Door closed, L1 ON, LCD shows DRONE INSIDE.
3. Takeoff:
   • User Action: Click TAKEOFF on the Java GUI.
   • System Action: Door opens, L2 blinks, LCD shows TAKE OFF.
   • Completion: Simulate drone departure (remove object from Sonar range). When distance > 50cm for 2s, door closes, LCD shows DRONE OUT.
4. Landing:
   • User Action: Click LAND on the Java GUI.
   • System Action: System checks PIR sensor. If motion detected: Door opens, L2 blinks, LCD shows LANDING.
   • Completion: Simulate landing (move object closer to Sonar). When distance < 10cm for 2s, door closes, LCD shows DRONE INSIDE.
5. Safety & Alarms:
   • Pre-Alarm: If Temperature > 35°C (T1) for 5s, system enters Pre-Alarm (Orange status). New commands are ignored.
   • Alarm: If Temperature > 45°C (T2) for 3s, system locks down (Red status). Door closes immediately.
   • Reset: Alarm persists until temperature drops AND the physical RESET button on the Arduino is pressed.