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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2025/docs/en/A06_2025-Insecure_Design.md
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Expand Up @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Often self-responsibility of developers is underappreciated. Foster a culture of

**Scenario #1:** A credential recovery workflow might include “questions and answers,” which is prohibited by NIST 800-63b, the OWASP ASVS, and the OWASP Top 10. Questions and answers cannot be trusted as evidence of identity, as more than one person can know the answers. Such functionality should be removed and replaced with a more secure design.

**Scenario #2:** A cinema chain allows group booking discounts and has a maximum of fifteen attendees before requiring a deposit. Attackers could threat model this flow and test if they can find an attack vector in the business logic of the application, e.g. booking six hundred seats and all cinemas at once in a few requests, causing a massive loss of income.
**Scenario #2:** A cinema chain allows group booking discounts and has a maximum of fifteen attendees before requiring a deposit. Attackers could threat model this flow and test if they can find an attack vector in the business logic of the application, e.g. booking six hundred seats at all cinemas at once in a few requests, causing a massive loss of income.

**Scenario #3:** A retail chain’s e-commerce website does not have protection against bots run by scalpers buying high-end video cards to resell on auction websites. This creates terrible publicity for the video card makers and retail chain owners, and enduring bad blood with enthusiasts who cannot obtain these cards at any price. Careful anti-bot design and domain logic rules, such as purchases made within a few seconds of availability, might identify inauthentic purchases and reject such transactions.

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Expand Up @@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ Exceptional conditions can be caused by missing, poor, or incomplete input valid



Many different security vulnerabilities can happen when we mishandle exceptional conditions,

such as logic bugs, overflows, race conditions, fraudulent transactions, or issues with memory, state, resource, timing, authentication, and authorization. These types of vulnerabilities can negatively affect the confidentiality, availability, and/or integrity of a system or it’s data. Attackers manipulate an application's flawed error handling to strike this vulnerability.
Many different security vulnerabilities can happen when we mishandle exceptional conditions, such as logic bugs, overflows, race conditions, fraudulent transactions, or issues with memory, state, resource, timing, authentication, and authorization. These types of vulnerabilities can negatively affect the confidentiality, availability, and/or integrity of a system or it’s data. Attackers manipulate an application's flawed error handling to strike this vulnerability.


## How to prevent.
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