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31 changes: 20 additions & 11 deletions docs/tutorials/ghz-spacetime-codes.ipynb
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"\n",
"*Usage estimate: 10 seconds on a Heron r3 processor (NOTE: This is an estimate only. Your runtime might vary.)*\n",
"\n",
"## Introduction\n",
"## Learning outcomes\n",
"\n",
"After going through this tutorial, users should understand:\n",
"- Basics of setting up an error detection technique using spacetime codes\n",
"- How to set up a high-fidelity GHZ state on hardware using error detection\n",
"\n",
"## Background\n",
"\n",
"[Low-overhead error detection with spacetime codes](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.15725) [[1]](#references) by Simon Martiel and Ali Javadi-Abhari proposes synthesizing low-weight, connectivity-aware spacetime checks for Clifford-dominated circuits, then post-selecting on those checks to catch faults with far less overhead than full error correction and fewer shots than standard error mitigation.\n",
"\n",
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"id": "fce0de6c",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Requirements\n",
"Before starting this tutorial, ensure that you have the following installed:\n",
"## Requirements\n",
"Before starting this tutorial, be sure you have the following installed:\n",
"\n",
"- Qiskit SDK v2.0 or later, with [visualization](/docs/api/qiskit/visualization) support\n",
"- Qiskit Runtime v0.40 or later (`pip install qiskit-ibm-runtime`)\n",
Expand All @@ -51,7 +57,7 @@
"id": "4286334d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Setup"
"## Setup"
]
},
{
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"id": "3888d8aa",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## First example"
"## Small-scale simulator example"
]
},
{
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"id": "7027e13d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Real-world example: Prepare a GHZ state on real hardware"
"## Large-scale hardware example: Prepare a GHZ state on real hardware"
]
},
{
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"id": "5423c559",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Discussion\n",
"\n",
"In this tutorial, we showed how to implement a low-overhead error detection technique using spacetime codes, and demonstrated its real-world application to preparing GHZ states on hardware. Refer to [[3]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09520) to further explore technical details of GHZ state preparation. In addition to error detection, authors utilize readout error mitigation with M3 and TREX and perform temporary uncomputation techniques to prepare high-fidelity GHZ states."
"## Next steps\n",
"If you found this work interesting, you might be interested in the following material:\n",
"- [[3]](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09520) to further explore technical details of GHZ state preparation. In addition to error detection, authors utilize readout error mitigation with M3 and TREX and perform temporary uncomputation techniques to prepare high-fidelity GHZ states.\n",
"- Tutorial on [repetition codes](https://quantum.cloud.ibm.com/docs/en/tutorials/repetition-codes)."
]
},
{
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"### References\n",
"- [1] Martiel, S., & Javadi-Abhari, A. (2025). Low-overhead error detection with spacetime codes. *arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.15725.*\n",
"- [2] van den Berg, E., Bravyi, S., Gambetta, J. M., Jurcevic, P., Maslov, D., & Temme, K. (2023). Single-shot error mitigation by coherent Pauli checks. *Physical Review Research*, 5(3), 033193.\n",
"- [3] Javadi-Abhari, A., Martiel, S., Seif, A., Takita, M., & Wei, K. X. (2025). Big cats: entanglement in 120 qubits and beyond. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.09520."
"- [3] Javadi-Abhari, A., Martiel, S., Seif, A., Takita, M., & Wei, K. X. (2025). Big cats: entanglement in 120 qubits and beyond. *arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.09520*."
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Experiment with error detection on a small-scale random Clifford circuit, then walk through the task of GHZ state preparation.",
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
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"title": "Low-overhead error detection with spacetime codes"
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"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 5
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