🚧 Specify QPU Architecture via arch option

[MatthiasReumann]

Description

This is a work-in-progress pull request adding an arch option to the mqt-cc tool that specifies the target QPU architecture / device. Eventually, the provided name should be used to load a dynamic device library and setup the QDMI device accordingly.

If the architecture option is provided, the mqt-cc tool should perform transpilation. That is native gate-set decomposition, and if the architecture has a coupling map, the superconducting mapping pass¹. Otherwise, these steps are skipped and the compilation is thus hardware-agnostic.

My hope is that by doing / discussing this now, we can immediately test and benchmark multiple architectures more easily.

Resolves #1082.

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• I have added entries to the changelog for any noteworthy additions, changes, fixes, or removals.
• I have added migration instructions to the upgrade guide (if needed).
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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Footnotes

1. --fit-topology (or --fit-coupling-map) could potentially be a more suitable name instead of the generic --place-and-route. ↩

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 17.64706% with 14 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
mlir/lib/Compiler/CompilerPipeline.cpp	17.6%	14 Missing ⚠️

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